Untitled Flashcards Set

🔹PART 1: MOTOR DEVELOPMENT BASICS (3.1) — 10 MINUTES

Key Concepts to Know

• Motor Development = Age-related change in movement influenced by person, task, and environment

• Different from Motor Learning (practice-based skill changes)

Theories

• Maturational – CNS and genetics drive change

• Normative/Biomechanical – Tracks average age patterns

• Information Processing – Brain as computer (input → output)

• Ecological – Combines person, task, environment

🔁 QUICK DRILL

• What drives maturational theory?

• Which theory uses feedback cycles?

• How does ecological theory differ?

🔹PART 2: REFLEXES, GROSS/FINE MOTOR, BALANCE (3.2–3.3) — 15 MINUTES

Reflex Types

• Primitive – survival (Moro, sucking)

• Postural – balance (parachute)

• Locomotor – movement (stepping)

Spontaneous Movements

• Untriggered leg/arm movements → build nerves and muscles

Motor Control

• Gross = whole body, large muscles (walking)

• Fine = precision, small muscles (grip, writing)

Development Timeline

• 1–8 mo: Head/trunk control

• 7–9 mo: Crawling

• 10–11 mo: Walking

Walking Types

• Early: wide stance, high arms, poor coordination

• Proficient: heel-toe, narrow stance, smooth motion

• Balance systems: Vision, proprioception, vestibular

🔁 QUICK DRILL

• What are 3 types of reflexes?

• What’s different about early vs. skilled walking?

• What systems help balance?

🔹PART 3: FINE MOTOR & MANIPULATION (3.4) — 10 MINUTES

Reaching Phases

• Pre-reaching – random

• Phase I – reach + grasp together

• Phase II – guided by sight

Grasp Milestones

• 5 mo: Power grip

• 9 mo: Hand pre-shaping

• 12 mo: Precision grip

• 18 mo: Controlled release

Bimanual Use

• 2 mo: Symmetrical

• 8 mo: Cooperative

• 2 yrs: Complementary

🔁 QUICK DRILL

• What’s the grasp at 12 months?

• What’s the difference between Phase I and Phase II of reaching?

• When does complementary bimanual use develop?

🔹PART 4: CONSTRAINTS, SOCIAL FACTORS (3.5) — 10 MINUTES

Constraints = factors that shape movement

• Individual – strength, body size

• Task – goal of movement

• Environment – space, support

Social/Cultural Influence

• Parents, coaches, peers shape dev

• Title IX = Equal sport access

• Play & SES: access to toys, time, space

Deprivation vs Enrichment

• Enriched = faster development

• Deprived = slower, can catch up depending on age and time

Critical/Sensitive Periods

• Experiences needed at right time (e.g., language, vision)

🔁 QUICK DRILL

• What are the 3 types of constraints?

• How does SES affect motor dev?

• What does a sensitive period mean?

🔹PART 5: MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS & PRACTICE LAWS — 10 MINUTES

Sensory Systems

• Vision = space awareness

• Vestibular = head motion

• Proprioception = limb position

Motor Systems

• Open-loop – no feedback (e.g., throwing)

• Closed-loop – uses feedback (e.g., balancing)

Laws to Know

• Fitts’ Law – smaller/farther targets = slower movement

• Hick’s Law – more choices = slower reaction

Information Processing Steps

1. Stimulus identification

2. Response selection

3. Response programming

Practice Types

• Distributed > Massed

• Variable > Constant

• Random > Blocked

🔁 QUICK DRILL

• What’s an example of closed-loop control?

• What’s Fitts' Law in your own words?

• What’s the best type of practice for long-term skill?

✅ FINAL 10-MINUTE BLITZ REVIEW

Say out loud from memory (or write fast):

• 4 Theories of Motor Dev

• 3 Reflex Types

• Gross vs Fine Motor

• Grasp development timeline

• 3 Types of Practice

• Fitts’ vs Hick’s Law

• Critical period meaning

Tip: If you can explain it in your own words, you’re ready. If not, go back to that part and drill once more.