JC

Untitled Flashcards Set

🔹PART 1: MOTOR DEVELOPMENT BASICS (3.1) — 10 MINUTES

Key Concepts to Know

  • Motor Development = Age-related change in movement influenced by person, task, and environment

  • Different from Motor Learning (practice-based skill changes)

Theories

  • Maturational – CNS and genetics drive change

  • Normative/Biomechanical – Tracks average age patterns

  • Information Processing – Brain as computer (input → output)

  • Ecological – Combines person, task, environment

🔁 QUICK DRILL

  • What drives maturational theory?

  • Which theory uses feedback cycles?

  • How does ecological theory differ?

🔹PART 2: REFLEXES, GROSS/FINE MOTOR, BALANCE (3.2–3.3) — 15 MINUTES

Reflex Types

  • Primitive – survival (Moro, sucking)

  • Postural – balance (parachute)

  • Locomotor – movement (stepping)

Spontaneous Movements

  • Untriggered leg/arm movements → build nerves and muscles

Motor Control

  • Gross = whole body, large muscles (walking)

  • Fine = precision, small muscles (grip, writing)

Development Timeline

  • 1–8 mo: Head/trunk control

  • 7–9 mo: Crawling

  • 10–11 mo: Walking

Walking Types

  • Early: wide stance, high arms, poor coordination

  • Proficient: heel-toe, narrow stance, smooth motion

  • Balance systems: Vision, proprioception, vestibular

🔁 QUICK DRILL

  • What are 3 types of reflexes?

  • What’s different about early vs. skilled walking?

  • What systems help balance?

🔹PART 3: FINE MOTOR & MANIPULATION (3.4) — 10 MINUTES

Reaching Phases

  • Pre-reaching – random

  • Phase I – reach + grasp together

  • Phase II – guided by sight

Grasp Milestones

  • 5 mo: Power grip

  • 9 mo: Hand pre-shaping

  • 12 mo: Precision grip

  • 18 mo: Controlled release

Bimanual Use

  • 2 mo: Symmetrical

  • 8 mo: Cooperative

  • 2 yrs: Complementary

🔁 QUICK DRILL

  • What’s the grasp at 12 months?

  • What’s the difference between Phase I and Phase II of reaching?

  • When does complementary bimanual use develop?

🔹PART 4: CONSTRAINTS, SOCIAL FACTORS (3.5) — 10 MINUTES

Constraints = factors that shape movement

  • Individual – strength, body size

  • Task – goal of movement

  • Environment – space, support

Social/Cultural Influence

  • Parents, coaches, peers shape dev

  • Title IX = Equal sport access

  • Play & SES: access to toys, time, space

Deprivation vs Enrichment

  • Enriched = faster development

  • Deprived = slower, can catch up depending on age and time

Critical/Sensitive Periods

  • Experiences needed at right time (e.g., language, vision)

🔁 QUICK DRILL

  • What are the 3 types of constraints?

  • How does SES affect motor dev?

  • What does a sensitive period mean?

🔹PART 5: MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS & PRACTICE LAWS — 10 MINUTES

Sensory Systems

  • Vision = space awareness

  • Vestibular = head motion

  • Proprioception = limb position

Motor Systems

  • Open-loop – no feedback (e.g., throwing)

  • Closed-loop – uses feedback (e.g., balancing)

Laws to Know

  • Fitts’ Law – smaller/farther targets = slower movement

  • Hick’s Law – more choices = slower reaction

Information Processing Steps

  1. Stimulus identification

  2. Response selection

  3. Response programming

Practice Types

  • Distributed > Massed

  • Variable > Constant

  • Random > Blocked

🔁 QUICK DRILL

  • What’s an example of closed-loop control?

  • What’s Fitts' Law in your own words?

  • What’s the best type of practice for long-term skill?

✅ FINAL 10-MINUTE BLITZ REVIEW

Say out loud from memory (or write fast):

  • 4 Theories of Motor Dev

  • 3 Reflex Types

  • Gross vs Fine Motor

  • Grasp development timeline

  • 3 Types of Practice

  • Fitts’ vs Hick’s Law

  • Critical period meaning

Tip: If you can explain it in your own words, you’re ready. If not, go back to that part and drill once more.