Study Guide Terms

RECONSTRUCTION

• 13th Amendment

• Abolished Slavery except as punishment for a crime

• 14th Amendment

• Birthright citizenship

• Equal protection

• 15th Amendment

• Voting rights for African Americans

• Jim Crow Laws

• Laws segregating races

• Plessy v Ferguson

• “Separate but equal”

• Black Codes

• Limited the freedoms of African Americans

• Sharecropping

• Replaced slavery in the south where people farmed a share of the land in return for a portion of the crops.

• Freedmen’s Bureau

• Government agency to help African Americans and poor whites after the Civil War

• Native American Policy

• Boarding schools, assimilation

• KKK

• Terrorist organization who targeted African Americans and Republicans

GILDED AGE

• Industrialization and Urbanization

• People moved to the city

• Factors of Industrialization

• Natural Resources

• Technological innovations

  • Railroads

• Large Labor Force

• Government Policy

  • Laissez-Faire

• Push Factors

• War/famine/religious persecution/conscription/lack of jobs

• Pull Factors

• First Amendment, jobs

• Old Immigrants

• Protestants, North/West Europe, literate

• New Immigrants

• Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish, South/East Europe, illiterate

• Nativism

• Extreme dislike of other cultures

• Asian Immigration

• Mainly worked in agriculture, labor recruiters, moved to Hawaii (Canada for South Asians)

• Horizontal integration

• Owning industries at same level in supply chain

• Vertical integration

• Owning industries at different level in supply chain

• Monopoly

• One business dominates an industry

• Rockefeller

• Horizontal integration, Oil

• Carnegie

• Vertical integration, steel, Gospel of Wealth

• Unions

• Organized workers to get better pay, hours, safety. Used strikes

• Haymarket Strike/Affair

• Protest that turned violent with a bombing, workers convicted

• Pullman Strike

• Response to work day, Government got involved

• Homestead Strike

• Carnegie Steel, response to pay cuts, turned violent

• Working Conditions

• Long hours, low pay, child labor

IMPERIALISM

• Factors of Imperialism

• Military prestige, natural resources, trade

• Reasons for imperialism

• Naval expansion

• Resources

• Trade

• Reasons against imperialism

• Violates American principles of democracy

• Causes of SPAM

• Yellow Journalism

• Impact of SPAM

• Acquisition of overseas territories, constitution does not apply

• Social Darwinism

• Theory that ranks races and nations

WWI

• Causes

• Militarism

  • Glorifying and building up military

• Alliances

  • Dragged nations in the war

• Nationalism

  • Ranking of nations

  • Belief a people of same language, history, and culture should rule themselves

• Imperialism

  • Competition between powers

• Assassination 

  • Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalists cause Austria Hungary to declare war on Serbia with German support

• Reasons for American Entry

• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

  • Violated neutral rights to trade

• Zimmerman Telegram

  • German message to Mexico, promised land returned to Mexico. Seen to violate neutrality

• Make world Safe for Democracy

  • Russian Revolution in February 1917 allowed for Wilson to side with 3 democracies against authoritarian nations

• Financial ties to UK and France

  • Trade and loans meant US firms needed Allied victory to 

• Schenck v United States

• Clear and present danger, speech is limited during crisis