2.7 Physc

Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to form new memories while still being able to recall past experiences. In contrast, retrograde amnesia involves the inability to remember past events, although new memories can still be formed. Individuals with retrograde amnesia may still learn where the bathroom is and remember it.

Encoding failure occurs when information is not encoded properly, leading to an inability to remember it. The forgetting curve illustrates that forgetting happens rapidly at first, then levels off over time, as demonstrated by Ebbinghaus.

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon occurs when you can recall the first letter of a word but cannot retrieve the entire word itself. Proactive interference happens when old information disrupts the recall of new information, while retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the recall of old information.

Repression is a defense mechanism that involves the unconscious blocking of anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories. The misinformation effect occurs when a memory is altered by misleading information. Source amnesia refers to the inability to remember how, when, or where we learned or imagined something, leading to false memories.

Déjà vu is the sensation of having experienced something before, triggered by cues from the current situation that evoke earlier experiences. False memories can be socially contagious, making it particularly challenging for children to distinguish between true and false memories.