Chapter 2

Chapter 2: Precursors of Jazz

• Blues is to jazz what yeast is to bread—essential for flavor and depth.

• Presentation by Carmen McRae, created by A. John De La Paz.

Historical Context (1890-1929)

• Influences:

  • African, African American, and European musical traditions.

• Key Genres:

  • Ragtime: No improvisation.

    • Example: Ragtime Video

  • Traditional Jazz (Dixieland): High levels of improvisation.

    • Example: Dixieland Jazz Video

Functional Music

• Purposes of music in society:

  • Work: Songs sung during labor to boost morale and teamwork.

  • Religion: Spirituals and hymns played a role in worship.

  • Ceremony: Music used in rituals and celebrations.

Precursors of Jazz

• Major musical influences include:

  • Work Songs: Captured the struggles and stories of laborers.

  • Signifying Songs: Clever wordplay and storytelling, often with social commentary.

  • Religious Music: Spirituals that shaped the musical landscape.

  • The Blues: A direct ancestor to jazz, characterized by emotional expression.

  • Minstrel Shows: A performance style that popularized various musical forms.

The Development of Ragtime

• Timeline: Late 1890’s to early 1900s.

• Characteristics:

  • Rhythmic Syncopation: An essential feature creating a lively feel.

  • Home Entertainment: Played primarily in homes for leisure.

  • European March Format: Structurally similar to certain European music forms.

  • Example of Ragtime: Ragtime Development Video

Scott Joplin

• Lifespan: 1868-1917.

• Contributions:

  • Major creator of the Ragtime style, elevating it to new heights.

  • Known for pieces beyond Ragtime, illustrating a diverse talent.

  • Featured work: "Treemonisha", referenced in studies.

  • Example: Scott Joplin Video

The Piano Professors

• Definition: Highly skilled piano players who were pivotal in the evolution of Ragtime and Early Jazz.

• Social Engagement:

  • Played at social functions, dances, bars, and houses of ill-repute.

  • Cutting Contests: Competitive performances showcasing skill.

  • Known for outrageous tempos and radical embellishments in their playing.

  • Notable figure: Ferdinand “Jelly Roll” Morton.

  • Example: Jelly Roll Morton Video

Band Traditions in America

• Important figure: John Philip Sousa.

• Achievements:

  • World-renowned band leader, notably associated with the Marine Corps Band (The President’s Own).

  • Composed traditional marches like "The Stars and Stripes Forever" and "The Liberty Bell March."

  • Influenced social occasions around Washington D.C. through his music.

  • Civilian bands played marches, classical music, and American popular music.