Flashcards for Chapter 11: Personality

Flashcard 1:

  • Term: Personality

  • Definition: An individual's unique set of consistent behavioral traits.

Flashcard 2:

  • Term: Personality Traits

  • Definition: Durable dispositions to behave in particular ways across various situations.

Flashcard 3:

  • Term: Psychodynamic Theories

  • Definition: Theories that emphasize unconscious mental forces and early childhood experiences.

Flashcard 4:

  • Term: Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

  • Definition: Suggests that behavior results from internal conflicts among the id, ego, and superego.

Flashcard 5:

  • Term: Defense Mechanisms

  • Definition: Unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety, such as repression and projection.

Flashcard 6:

  • Term: Behavioral Theories

  • Definition: Theories that suggest personality is shaped by environmental influences and learning.

Flashcard 7:

  • Term: Skinner's Operant Conditioning

  • Definition: The theory that behavior is determined by reinforcement and punishment.

Flashcard 8:

  • Term: Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory

  • Definition: Emphasizes observational learning and self-efficacy.

Flashcard 9:

  • Term: Humanistic Theories

  • Definition: Theories that focus on individual growth and self-actualization.

Flashcard 10:

  • Term: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  • Definition: A theory that suggests individuals are motivated by a series of hierarchical needs, culminating in self-actualization.

Flashcard 11:

  • Term: Rogers' Person-Centered Theory

  • Definition: Emphasizes the importance of unconditional positive regard in personal development.

Flashcard 12:

  • Term: Big Five Personality Traits

  • Definition: A model proposing that personality is composed of five broad dimensions:

    • Extraversion: Sociability and enthusiasm.

    • Neuroticism: Emotional instability and anxiety.

    • Openness to Experience: Imagination and curiosity.

    • Agreeableness: Compassion and cooperativeness.

    • Conscientiousness: Organization and dependability.

Flashcard 13:

  • Term: Projective Tests

  • Definition: Tests that require individuals to respond to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden aspects of personality.

Flashcard 14:

  • Term: Rorschach Inkblot Test

  • Definition: A projective test where participants interpret inkblot images.

Flashcard 15:

  • Term: Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

  • Definition: A projective test where individuals create stories based on ambiguous pictures.

Flashcard 16:

  • Term: Self-Report Inventories

  • Definition: Questionnaires where individuals assess their own behaviors and traits.

Flashcard 17:

  • Term: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

  • Definition: A self-report inventory that assesses personality traits and psychopathology.

Flashcard 18:

  • Term: Strengths of Personality Theories

  • Definition: Provide frameworks for understanding individual differences and have practical applications in therapy and employment.

Flashcard 19:

  • Term: Critiques of Personality Theories

  • Definition: Some theories lack empirical support, and personality assessments can be influenced by social desirability biases.

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