Issues of Human Rights (copy) (copy)

What are Human Rights?

- Basic rights and freedoms inherent to all individuals from birth to death.

Universal and inalienable-Cannot be taken away.

Interdependent and indivisible- All rights are connected and equally important.

Protected by law- Enforced through legal frameworks like constitutions and international treaties.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948)

• Established after World War II to protect fundamental human rights worldwide.

• Based on principles of freedom, equality, and dignity.

• Not legally binding but serves as the foundation for many laws.

Kinds of Rights

1. Innate or Natural Rights (Inherent to all individuals)

• Right to life

• Right to liberty

• Right to privacy

• Right to pursue happiness

• Right to ones name and identity

• Right to develop physically, mentally, and spiritually

2. Rights Mandated by Law

• Constitutional Rights- Protected by the 1987 Philippine Constitution (e.g., Right to vote).

• Statutory Rights- Established by laws passed by Congress (e.g., Right to a minimum wage).

Categories of Legal Rights

1. Civil Liberties/Rights (Preserved but not created by law)

• Freedom of speech

• Freedom of assembly

• Freedom of abode

• Right against discrimination

2. Political Rights (Participation in governance)

• Right to vote

• Right to run for public office

• Right to participate in political processes

3. Economic/Livelihood Rights (Freedom in work and business)

• Right to own property

• Right to earn a living

• Right to fair wages

4. Social or Cultural Rights (Freedom in culture and traditions)

• Right to join organizations

• Right to marry

• Right to practice traditions (without violating others rights)

5. Rights of the Accused (Legal protections)

• Presumed innocent until proven guilty

• Right to remain silent

• Right to a fair trial

• Right to be free from cruel or inhumane punishment

The Philippine Bill of Rights (Article III, 1987 Constitution)

• Protects individuals from violations by the government or other entities.

• Serves as a charter of liberties limiting state power.

• Ensures fundamental freedoms, including life, liberty, and property.