MB

Insel_18e_Brief_Ch01_PPT_ACCESS

Introduction to Health and Wellness

  • Learning has a significant impact on health.

Chapter 1 Overview

  • Health: Overall condition of body/mind and absence of illness/injury.

  • Wellness: Optimal health and vitality, involves conscious decisions affecting risk factors.

Dimensions of Wellness

  • Interrelated dimensions continuously interact; changes in one can affect another.

    • Physical Wellness:

      • Healthy eating, regular exercise, sleep and checkups.

    • Interpersonal Wellness:

      • Strong communication, intimacy, relationships, and support systems.

    • Environmental Wellness:

      • Access to clean resources, safe neighborhoods, sustainable practices.

    • Emotional Wellness:

      • Attributes such as optimism, trust, self-esteem, and emotional understanding.

    • Cultural Wellness:

      • Foster relationships with diverse individuals while valuing one's identity.

    • Financial Wellness:

      • Understanding money management, living within means, saving.

    • Intellectual Wellness:

      • Openness to ideas, critical thinking, creativity, and lifelong learning.

    • Spiritual Wellness:

      • Emphasizes love, compassion, and connection to a greater purpose.

    • Occupational Wellness:

      • Enjoyment in work, value by management, and coworker relationships.

Life Expectancy Factors

  • Life Expectancy: Average expected lifespan of a population.

    • Up to 25% can be attributed to genetic factors.

    • Factors shortening lifespan include smoking, obesity, drug use

    • Education linked to increased lifespan.

Changes in Life Expectancy

  • Life expectancy increased significantly in the 20th century due to:

    • Managing infectious diseases, vaccinations, and improved living conditions.

  • Major cause of decline in life expectancy noted in recent years:

    • Opioid epidemic and obesity crisis.

Leading Causes of Death (2020-2021)

  1. Heart Disease: 693,021 deaths (20%) - lifestyle factors include diet and inactivity.

  2. Cancer: 604,553 deaths (17.5%) - similar risk factors.

  3. Covid-19: 415,399 deaths (13.3%) - exacerbated by lifestyle factors.

  4. Unintentional Injuries (Accidents): 219,487 deaths (6.4%) - includes motor vehicles and drug overdoses.

  5. Stroke: 160,264 deaths (4.7%).

  6. Other: Lower respiratory diseases, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, liver disease, etc.

Health Promotion and Policy

  • Health Promotion: Enabling control over health determinants (NIH, CDC).

  • Affordable Care Act (ACA): Facilitates access to health coverage, allows youth to remain on parental plans until age 26.

Healthy People Initiative

  • Objectives for Healthy People 2030:

    • Eliminate preventable diseases and achieve health equity.

    • Promote healthy environments and behaviors across the lifespan.

Health Disparities

  • Disparities linked to social and economic factors highlighted during the Covid-19 pandemic:

    • Factors: sex, race, income, education, disability, geographic location, and sexual orientation.

Influences on Wellness

  • Key factors:

    • Genetics, environment, access to healthcare, personal behaviors.

Lifestyle Management for Wellness

  • Behavior Change: Steps include assessing habits, selecting target behaviors, learning, and seeking assistance.

  • Building Motivation: Weigh pros/cons, self-efficacy, identify obstacles.

    • Stages of Change: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination.

Dealing with Relapse

  • Understand that setbacks are common; plan for them and learn from experiences.

Personal Change Plan Development

  1. Monitor behavior, set SMART goals.

  2. Create action plan: modify environment, seek support, reward successes.

Health Maintenance

  • Ongoing process: don’t stop behaviors once initiated, aim to foster a wellness-supportive environment.

Review of Key Concepts

  • Define wellness, health promotion efforts, factors influencing wellness, lifestyle management methods, and promoting lifelong wellness.