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Studied by 1 personNoteStudied by 15 peopleNoteStudied by 661 peopleNoteStudied by 17 peopleNoteStudied by 556 peopleNoteStudied by 87 peopleStudy Guide Age of Absolutism Part Two
The Enlightenment
1. In what years did the Enlightenment occur? The 1700s (18th century)
2. What are the three characteristics of the Enlightenment?
a. Applied Scientific Method to the human world, as well as to the rest of the natural world
b. Stimulated religious tolerance
c. Fueled Democratic Revolutions around the world
3. Who were the main people participating in the Enlightenment? Elites and nobles in France
4. Who wrote “Leviathan”? Thomas Hobbes
5. According to him, why do you need government? To impose order
6. Hobbes believed people are… greedy and selfish
7. Hobbes believed people exchanged some of their rights and freedoms for peace, _safety and order in society.
8. He supported… Absolutism
9. Who wrote “Two Treatises on Government “? John Locke
10. According to him, how is human nature characterized? As naturally tolerant and reasonable
11. Did not believe in what “right” of kings? Divine Right of Kings
12. Furthermore, gov’t power should be limited by…laws
13. According to him Government should rule by consent. TRUE OR FALSE
14. What does the gov’t do in a social contract? Protects people’s rights
15. What do the people do in exchange? Follow the laws
16. Believed Gov’t should protect people’s rights (life, liberty, and property)
17. Who wrote “The Spirit of Laws”? Montesquieu
18. He believed that the gov’t should contain ___checks_ and ____balances__.
19. Furthermore, the powers of the government should be separated into different parts or branches, this is known as…separation of powers
20. The advantage of “checks and balances” and “separation of powers” was a divided government could stop one part from becoming all ____powerful__________.
21. Who wrote “The Social Contract”: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
22. Rousseau believed man was born free and good but was easily… corrupted by society
23. What is meant by “Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains.”? In other words who decides who is free and who enslaved? Society
24. Who said, “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it”? Voltaire
25. He believed in the freedom of what two things?
a. Speech
b. Religion
26. Which philosopher wanted equality of rights and education between men and women? Mary Wollstonecraft
27. What was her most famous work titled? Vindication of the Rights of Women
28. What is the term for someone who wants equal rights between men and women? (see vocab list in lecture if you do not know.) Feminist
29. What 3 ways did the Enlightenment affect America?
a. Enlightenment ideas fueled revolution__ in the American Colonies and France
b. Thomas Jefferson’s _Declaration_ of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
c. The Constitution and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas such as separation of powers, freedom of speech, religion, assembly…
Arts and Technology in the Age of Absolutism
The sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries brought many changes in the arts, literature, and political philosophy. The Age of Reason witnessed inventions and innovations in technology that stimulated trade and transportation.
30. Who was the most famous Baroque composer? Johaan Sebastian Bach
31. What does a composer write? Classical music pieces
32. What is Mozart’s most famous work of classical music? Mozart’s Requiem
33. Who wrote “Don Quixote”? Miguel de Cervantes
34. “Don Quixote” was the first modern novel_________.
35. Who painted “Liberty leading the People”? Eungene Delcroix
36. What school of art did he help create? Romantic
37. What 4 things did the Romantism paintings depict?
a. Classical subjects
b. Public events
c. Natural scenes
d. Living people
38. What are the 4 technological advancements made during this time period?
a. All ___weather roads___________ improved year-round transportation and trade
b. New designs in farm tools increased productivity: ex. ___steel plow___________
c. ___Agricultural Revolution: used four fields, not three. They grew more crops and used less people, thus people moved to cities and towns to find work.
d. Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport
French Revolution 1789
39. What were the four causes of the French Revolution?
a. New Enlightenment ideas of…freedom and rights
b. American Revolution_ served as an example of freedom that they could copy
c. France was… broke
d. Upper Class (nobles) paid no taxes and commoners had no rights
40. What was the immediate cause, the trigger event? Louis XVI was broke______ and called the Estates General to meet to get support for new taxes on the nobles.
41. Who was King during this time period? Louis XVI
42. What are the 3 different estates, ie who was in the Estates-General?
a. 1st Estate- Clergy
b. 2nd Estate- Nobles
c. 3rd Estate- Everybody else
43. Who Estate did the 1st and 2nd always outvoted? the 3rd
44. What was the response of the third estate? They left the Estates General
45. Where did the 3rd estate go to meet without the 1st or 2nd estate? Tennis Court
46. Their goal was to create what type of gov’t? constitutional monarchy
47. What happened in the summer of 1789? A really bad harvest season
48. How did that make the peasants feel? Hangry
49. What happened on July 14, 1789? Storming of the Bastille
50. What did this event become for the French Revolution? Turning/ starting point
51. After hearing rumors that the nobles are trying to starve them who did the peasants rise up against? The government
52. What happened in 1792? The king was deposed and his wife was killed
53. Who leads the new radical govt? Maximilien Robespierre
54. What was his reign called? The Reign of Terror
55. Approximately how many people died as a result? ~30,000 people died
56. What instrument was used to execute those killed in the Reign of Terror? The guilliotine
57. Eventually what happens to Robespierre, ending the Reign of Terror? He is overthrown and beheaded
58. Who is able to rise to power during the French Revolutionary wars, and overthrew the French Republic establishing himself as First Consul? Napolean Boneparte
NoteStudied by 1 personNoteStudied by 15 peopleNoteStudied by 661 peopleNoteStudied by 17 peopleNoteStudied by 556 peopleNoteStudied by 87 people