Which of the following elements is the backbone of organic molecules?
a) Hydrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon
d) Nitrogen
Answer: c) Carbon
What makes carbon ideal for forming complex organic molecules?
a) It forms ionic bonds
b) It forms up to four covalent bonds
c) It can only bond with hydrogen
d) It is highly electronegative
Answer: b) It forms up to four covalent bonds
Which of the following best describes a carbon skeleton?
a) A single oxygen atom attached to carbon
b) A nitrogenous base connected to a sugar
c) A backbone of carbon atoms forming chains or rings
d) A molecule composed entirely of nitrogen
Answer: c) A backbone of carbon atoms forming chains or rings
Which of these functional groups is acidic?
a) Amino (-NH₂)
b) Hydroxyl (-OH)
c) Carboxyl (-COOH)
d) Sulfhydryl (-SH)
Answer: c) Carboxyl (-COOH)
Which of the following hydrocarbons contains a triple bond?
a) Alkane
b) Alkene
c) Alkyne
d) Aromatic hydrocarbon
Answer: c) Alkyne
What is an isomer?
a) A compound with a different molecular formula but the same structure
b) A compound with the same molecular formula but different structures
c) A hydrocarbon with only single bonds
d) A lipid molecule with a phosphate group
Answer: b) A compound with the same molecular formula but different structures
Which type of isomer has the same connectivity of atoms but differs in spatial arrangement?
a) Structural isomer
b) Geometric isomer
c) Enantiomer
d) Cis-trans isomer
Answer: b) Geometric isomer
Which functional group is found in carboxylic acids?
a) -NH₂
b) -COOH
c) -OH
d) -SH
Answer: b) -COOH
Which functional group is characteristic of esters?
a) -COOH
b) -NH₂
c) -COO-
d) -OH
Answer: c) -COO-
Amines contain which functional group?
a) -OH
b) -COOH
c) -NH₂
d) -SH
Answer: c) -NH₂
Which of the following functional groups is involved in forming disulfide bonds in proteins?
a) Hydroxyl (-OH)
b) Sulfhydryl (-SH)
c) Amino (-NH₂)
d) Phosphate (-PO₄³⁻)
Answer: b) Sulfhydryl (-SH)
Which functional group is involved in ATP and energy transfer?
a) Carboxyl (-COOH)
b) Amino (-NH₂)
c) Phosphate (-PO₄³⁻)
d) Hydroxyl (-OH)
Answer: c) Phosphate (-PO₄³⁻)
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
a) Amino acid
b) Monosaccharide
c) Nucleotide
d) Fatty acid
Answer: b) Monosaccharide
Which macromolecule contains genetic information?
a) Proteins
b) Nucleic acids
c) Carbohydrates
d) Lipids
Answer: b) Nucleic acids
Which type of lipid is used for long-term energy storage?
a) Phospholipids
b) Steroids
c) Triglycerides
d) Nucleotides
Answer: c) Triglycerides
Which lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
a) Phospholipids
b) Triglycerides
c) Steroids
d) Cholesterol
Answer: a) Phospholipids
What type of lipid serves as a precursor for steroid hormones?
a) Triglycerides
b) Phospholipids
c) Cholesterol
d) Glycolipids
Answer: c) Cholesterol
The glycemic index measures:
a) How quickly a carbohydrate raises blood sugar
b) The fiber content of food
c) The protein content of food
d) The fat percentage in food
Answer: a) How quickly a carbohydrate raises blood sugar
Which macromolecule is digested first for energy in the human body?
a) Lipids
b) Proteins
c) Carbohydrates
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: c) Carbohydrates
Which type of fat is considered the healthiest for heart health?
a) Saturated fats
b) Trans fats
c) Unsaturated fats
d) Hydrogenated oils
Answer: c) Unsaturated fats