Psychoogy

/Psychologist:

4 yr degree

Treats patients using talk therapy 

Is not a medical doctor

Don’t need referral

Registered with the psychology board of australia

Specialise in psychological testing and assessment 

Psychiatrist

5 yr medical degree and 4 years study to specialise in psychiatry 

Prescribe medications

Trained as a medical doctor 

Diagnose illness manage treatment and provide range of therapist for complex and serious mental illnesses. 

Need a referral from your GP to see psychiatrist 

Registered with australian health practitioner

Assess both mental and physical aspects of mental health condition

Relationships between psychologist and psychiatrist

Both work in field of mental illness

Understand how brain work, our emotions feelings and thoughts.

Conduct psychotherapy  

Psychiatrist:

A medical specialist who can diagnose and treat mental health issues and emotional problems

Social psychologist 

Study interpersonal and group dynamics and social challenges, such as prejudice, implicit bias, bullying, criminal activity & substance abuse

Neuropsychologist 

Specialise in the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders associated with conditions affecting the brain

Counselling psychologist

 help people recognise their strengths and find resources to cope with everyday problems and adversity

Developmental psychologist 

study human development across the lifespan

Organisational psychologist

Organisational psychologist study industries to understand how to improve performance and show human behaviour in the workplace 

Clinical psychologist

Clinical psychologists provide assessment diagnosis and treatment providing psychology testing.

Educational Psychologist

Educational psychologist study how students learn to increase there performance at school and see how there brain develops.

Forensic psychologist

Forensic psychologists work with law enforcement agencies to develop brief profile of criminals, based on psychology traits.

Sports psychologist

Sports psychologist study how players react after before and in gone how there mental health.

Memory

memory : the ability to store and recall information. E.g. remember mobile numbers

Sensory memory: information sent to the brain, sent from the sense organs such as eyes, ears, tongue, nose and skin to brain.

E.g. seeing something in front of you 

Short term memory: information is experienced for as short duration

E.g. after test you won’t remember the questions\

Long term memory: stores information for long periods of time, which allows people to use it.

E.g. remembering where you live

Balance and coordination

• THe information from your vision, muscles, tendons, joints and balance organs in your inner ear are all sent to the brain stem

• The brain stem also gets information from other parts of the brain called the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, mostly about previous experiences that have affected your sense of balance

• Your brain can control balance by using the information that is most important for a particular situation. 

Vestibular system

The vestibular system works to maintain your balance by using the most relevant information for that particular system. The information is taken form the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, it helps to maintain balance by sending information abt head and body movements to brain which uses that information to help you stay upright. Balance organs in the inner ear. 

Hormones 

Hormones are the bodies chemical messengers which an effect on glands, distributed through th ebody

Some hormones are designed for sexual reproduction purposes, pancreas to control blood glucose level or the thyroid gland to regulate the body’s metabolism 

Brain and skull structure

The brain is protected by the solid bones of the skull. It is made up of 22 bones that are fused together

Newborns have soft spots of their skulls that are yet to fuse and devrelop, this is why it is especially important to protect babies head to avoid brain damage

Frontal lobe 

Function:

Thinking, personality emotional behaviour, planning, self awareness, decision making speech production, memory

E.g. choosing what to eat 

Primary Motor cortex

Function: voluntary movement

E.g. move your hand

Temporal lobe

Function: hearing, understanding of speech

E.g. move your hands 

Parietal lobe

Function:

touch, pressure, temperature and muscle movement

E.g. feeling the temperature

Occipital lobe

Function: Visual information

E.g. you can see stuff

Primary visual cortex

Function: processes visual information

Primary auditory cortex

Function: hearing

E,g, hear the teacher talk 

Wernicke’s area 

Function: Speech comprehension 

E.g. can understand what the teacher says

Primary somatosensory cortex 

Function: body sensations

E.g. flinching, shivering

Hippocampus

Function: memory, receives info from cerebral cortex

Short term memory > Long term memory 

Remember a significant memory

Amygdala 

Function: fear, anxiety, sexual interaction, aggression

E.g. fear of a monster

Thalamus:

Function: 

• Relaying sensory and motor signals 

• Regulating consciousness + alertness

• Sensation

• Consciousness 

E.g. keep you wake and alert

Hypothalamus

Function: 

• Helps to regulate body temp

• Helps us to realise when hungry or thirsty 

• Plays role in what mood we might feel

• Releases and controls more hormones to function 

E.g. when you are feeling too hot

Wernicke’s area

Function: speech comprehension

E.g. can understand what someone is saying 

Brocca’s 

Function: speech production 

E.g. talk

Cerebellum 

Function: Important part of the brain responsible for coordination, balance and movements

E.g. standing up 

Corpus collosum

Function: thick band of nerve axons connecting left and right hemisphere 

E.g. riding a bike 

Brain stem

Function: regulates survival functions such as our heartbeat, blood pressure and breathing rates. 

Left hemisphere:

• sensory stimulus from right side of body

• motor control of right side of body

• speech, language, and comprehension

• analysis and calculations

• time and sequencing

• recogniton of words, letter and numbers

Right Hemisphere:

• sensory stimulus from left side of body

• motor control of left side of body

• creativity

• spatial ability

• context/perception

• recognition of faces, places and objects

Brain and nervous system

• hundreds of billions of nerve cells(neurons) in the brain and spinal cord. Each neuron can have connections with up to ten thousand neighboring cells

• the nervous system is made up of two main systems that work together

Central Nervous System: (CNS) this is made up of the brain and spinal cord: its main is to process information delivered to it from the peripheral nervous system

Peripheral nervous System: (PNS) this consists of the outlying neurons that deliver message from sensory receptors and organs throughout the body to and from the CNS. The PNS has 2 systems within it.:

• Automatic NS- Controls internal glands and organs, is self regulating

• Somatic NS-Controls voluntary movement carries messages from sensory receptors to the CNS and motor messages from CNS to skeletal muscles