Humanities ch 2

The term Acropolis is translated to mean “top of the city” and refers to the portion of an ancient Greek city-state that functioned as its religious center.

The term agora refers to the portion of an ancient Greek city-state that served as a public meeting place, marketplace, and civic center.

The Greek term kyklos can be translated as “circle”

Items found to be common among the People of Thea (santerini)

Elaborately decorated homes

Clay pipes connected toilets and baths to sewers

Straw reinforced the walls of their homes

Minos is recognized as the legendary ruler of Crete’s ancient capital, Konossos.

Male virility and strength was associated with bulls

The Greek term labrys can be translated as “double ax”

The palace of Minos was known in Greek times as the House of the Double Axes

Queen Pasiphae, wife of Minos, gave birth to the Minotaur

Daedalus was the chief craftsperson who constructed the hollow wooden cow to assist the queen in attracting the bull

Ariadne, daughter of Minos, provided Theseus with a weapon and thread to help kill the Minotaur

The ancient city of Mycenae is a citadel city that depended on cyclopean masonry for its construction and was entered through a massive Lion Gate

Homer is considered the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Achilles was considered the greatest warrior among the Greeks while battling the Trojans

Achilles is the central character in the Iliad, which focused on his rage

The Greek term arete can be translated as “virtue,” and be interpreted as “reaching one’s highest potential”.

Hector, son of the king of Troy, killed Patroclus which enraged Achilles

Priam is best remembered as the King of Troy during the action of the Iliad

Penelope was the wife of Odeysseus

Hesiod, in his Theogony, The Birth of the Gods, who first detailed the Greek pantheon

Corinth controlled north-south trade routes from early times, but after it built a towpath to drag ships over the isthmus on rollers, it soon controlled the sea routes east and west as well

Delphi was the home to the Sanctuary of Apollo

The term peristyle refers to the row of columns that stand on the raised platform of an ancient Greek temple

The term entasis refers to columns swell about one-third of the way up and contract again near the top

In ancient Greek architecture, the Ionic order features scrolled capitals

On the Krater the Death of Sarpedon, Sarpedon has just been killed by Patroclus and is being carried off by Hypnos (the winged figure) and Thanatos (Death) as Hermes, the messenger of the gods looks on.

Kleisthenes instituted the first Athenian democracy in 508 BCE.

The term demes became part of the Athenian political system and refers to small local areas comparable to precincts or wards in a modern city.

At the time of the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, Darius ruled the Persians.

After battle of the Marathon in 490 BCE, Phidippides ran 26 miles between Marathon and Athens to deliver word of Greek victory

Herodotus, author of an extensive HIstory of the Persian Wars is recognized as the first Greek historian

The Parthenon was considered the centerpiece on the Athenian Acropolis.

The Propylaia served as a monumental entryway to the complex.

Polyciltus cast the bronze statue known as Doryphoros (Spear bearer), which was celebrated throughout the ancient world as a demonstration of a treatise on proportions of the human body.

The 92 metopes on the four sides of the temple narrate battles between the Greeks and four enemies:

Trojans

Giants

Amazons

Centaurs

Socrates was placed on trial for:

Subversive behavior

Corrupting young men

Introducing new goals

Leucippus, a pre-Socratic thinker conceived an atomic theory in which everything is made up of small, indivisible particles and the empty space, or void, between them.

Protagoras is responsible for one of the most famous of all Greek dictums: “Man is the Measure of all things”.

Aristophanes specialized in writing comedies and is playwright for Lysistrata

Aeschylus is the playwright for the Oresteia trilogy that includes events after Agamemnon’s return form the Trojan War

In the ancient Greek theater, the term proscenium identifies the elevated platform on which the actors performed

Rumor had it that farther to the east, the kingdom of the Ganges, Alexander’s next logical opponent, had a force of 5,000 elephants.

One of the most important ideas that Aristotle expressed in the Poetics is catharsis, the cleansing, purification, or purgation of the soul.