Services 2
What is Service Quality?
- Customer service is a strategic tool for managing the entire customer relationship.
- Reliability: Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately.
- Responsiveness: Willingness to help customers and provide prompt service.
- Assurance: Employees must be knowledgeable, courteous, and convey trust and confidence.
- Empathy: Providing caring, individualized attention to customers.
- Tangibles: Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materials.
Managing Service Quality
- Effective marketing of services requires managers to understand customer wants and expectations during service encounters.
- A gap exists when expectations do not equal experience.
- EXPECTED SERVICE - PERCEIVED SERVICE = GAP ANALYSIS
Quality Specifications: The Gap Model of Service Quality
The Gap Model of Service Quality consists of:
Expected Service
Service Delivery
Management Perception
Communication with Customers
Customer
Provider
Perceived Service
GAP 1: Knowledge Gap - Difference between customer expectations and management perceptions of those expectations.
GAP 2: Standards Gap - Difference between management perceptions of customer expectations and service quality specifications.
GAP 3: Delivery Gap - Difference between service quality specifications and the actual service delivery.
GAP 4: Communications Gap - Difference between actual service delivery and what is communicated about the service to customers.
GAP 5: Service Gap - Difference between customer expectations and perceived service.
The Service Gap: Disconfirmation Paradigm
The Disconfirmation Paradigm:
Expectations: Customer's anticipations about the service.
Performance: The service actually delivered.
Positive Disconfirmation: Performance exceeds expectations, leading to satisfaction.
Negative Disconfirmation: Performance falls short of expectations, leading to dissatisfaction.
Satisfaction: Result of positive disconfirmation.
Dissatisfaction: Result of negative disconfirmation.
Satisfaction may, or may not equal loyalty. Satisfaction is not the only determinant of loyalty.
Marketing Mix: The 4 P's
The traditional 4 P's of the marketing mix:
- Product: The offering to the target market.
- Price: EFEN - Amount charged for the product.
- Place: Distribution channels to reach the target market (390).
- Promotion: Communication activities to inform and persuade the target market (0.1mm, 22,5).
The Services Marketing Mix: The 7 P's
The expanded 7 P's of the services marketing mix:
- Product
- Price
- Place (390)
- Promotion (0.1mm, 22,5)
- People: Employees and customers involved in service delivery.
- Process: Procedures, mechanisms, and flow of activities in service delivery.
- Physical Evidence: The environment in which the service is delivered and any tangible goods that facilitate performance or communication of the service (0.1mm, 390, 22,5).
Physical Evidence: Managing the Servicescape
- Servicescape refers to the use of physical evidence to design service environments.
- Ambient conditions
- Inanimate objects
- Other physical evidence