Lecture

Second Language Acquisition (SLA) Theories

• Exploration of how chatbots can aid learning in large classrooms with busy teachers.

• Language acquisition theories and methods discussed including:

• Importance of theories in providing structured approaches to teaching.

• Importance of input as a consensus in SLA theories.

Theories and Methods in Language Acquisition

• Disagreement exists on the quantity of input needed for effective learning.

• Traditional methods:

• Grammar Translation Method (GTM): Focuses on:

  • Teaching grammar rules and vocabulary through translation.

  • Often results in student boredom due to lack of real communication practice.

• Direct Method: Vilifies rote learning in favor of:

  • Emphasizing speaking and listening in the classroom.

  • Engaging students in real communication (e.g., conversational practice).

Behavioral Theories in SLA

• Behaviorism: Influenced by psychological theories; emphasizes:

• Repetition and conditioning (e.g., Pavlov's dogs).

• Audiolingual Methods focus on drills and memorization to form hanghabits.

• Often leads to student boredom due to the lack of meaningful contexts.

Communicative Approaches

• Importance of proper language use and appropriateness in communication.

• Krashen's Input Hypothesis:

• Emphasizes the necessity of exposure to language input.

• Differentiates between comprehensible input and input that learners can actively negotiate.

• Key principles from Krashen include:

• Interaction is essential for engaging learners.

• Noticing grammar features (e.g., past tense forms) as fundamental to language acquisition.

Balanced Curriculum Elements

• Key elements for effective language programs:

1. Input: Meaning-focused listening and reading activities.

2. Output: Meaning-focused speaking and writing practices.

3. Language-focused learning: Explicit teaching to help develop fluency in the language.

Future Directions in Language Learning

• Teachers as primary sources of knowledge remain critical, supplemented by:

• Textbooks and emerging resources from the internet.

• AI-driven applications (e.g., Duolingo chatbots) represent new methods shifting toward technology-enhanced personalized learning.

• Integration of various materials including:

• Online courses, newspapers, videos, and audiobooks to diversify learning methods.