Definition of motivation Maslow’s hierarchy Understand meaning of intrinsic and extrinsic

Motivation can be defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a psychological theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper \"A Theory of Human Motivation.\" This theory suggests that individuals are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. The hierarchy is often displayed as a pyramid with five levels:

1. Physiological Needs: These are the most basic needs for survival, including:

   • Hunger
   • Thirst
   • Shelter
   • Sleep
   • Oxygen

2. Safety Needs: Once physiological needs are met, safety needs take precedence. These include:

   • Security
   • Protection from the elements
   • Freedom from fear
   • Order
   • Law

3. Love and Belonging Needs: After safety needs are satisfied, individuals seek love and belonging, which involve:

   • Intimate relationships
   • Friendships
   • A sense of connection
   • Being part of a group

4. Esteem Needs: Once people feel a sense of belonging, they look to achieve esteem. Esteem needs are divided into two categories:

   • Esteem for oneself: Dignity, achievement, mastery, independence.
   • Desire for reputation or respect from others: Status, prestige.

5. Self-Actualization Needs: This is the highest level of the hierarchy, and it involves realizing one’s full potential. It includes:

   • Self-awareness
   • Personal growth
   • Fulfillment
   • Creativity

Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for the inherent satisfaction and enjoyment it provides. When you are intrinsically motivated, you do something because it is personally rewarding.

• Characteristics:
  • Driven by internal rewards
  • Associated with enjoyment and satisfaction
  • Promotes creativity and high-quality learning
  • Examples: hobbies, learning for personal growth

Extrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic motivation involves engaging in an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment. The motivation comes from outside the individual.

• Characteristics:
  • Driven by external rewards or punishments
  • Can be effective for short-term goals
  • May reduce interest in the activity once the reward is removed
  • Examples: grades, money, awards