10% Plan (Lincoln’s Presidential Plan) - Offered a pardon to any Confederate who would swear allegiance to the Union and wanted 10% of voters to take a loyalty oath. Wanted to write a new constitution endorsing the 13th Amendment. It was not passed by Congress.

Wade-Davis Bill - Made by Radicals and others in Congress, this was an attempt at a Reconstruction policy before the end of the Civil War

Freedman's Bureau - Protocol instated by Congress to provide newly freed slaves with more opportunities for education and labor, instituting new schools and new teacher-training programs.

13th Amendment - Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that formally abolished slavery on a national scale

Tenure of Office Act - Law instituted by President Andrew Johnson, forbidding the president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent

Civil Rights Act of 1866 - In response to Black Codes, Jim Crow laws, and the election of a confederate official to state office, congress passes an act to declare African Americans citizens of the U.S. and gave the federal government power to intervene and protect citizens. Johnson vetoed the act, but it was later made into the 14th amendment, which could not be vetoed. Every southern state refused to ratify this amendment except Tennessee.

14th Amendment - This amendment allowed all people to be considered citizens of the U.S. and have equal protection under the law (including the freed slaves).

Radical Reconstruction (Military Reconstruction) - Alternate form of Reconstruction, with much harsher sentiment toward the South in the form of 50% loyalty oath, ruling against former Confederate leaders taking office, and more desired health from former slaves

Carpetbaggers - Northern travelers who moved South to assist the Freedmen, or to exploit economic opportunities

Scalawags - White Southerners, who were often Republican

15th Amendment - This amendment gave all men the right to vote in the U.S.

Compromise of 1877 - Hayes, a Republican, is chosen by the Republican-controlled House of Representatives as the new President after electoral vote is questioned. In order to gain support for this decision from Democrats, Republicans promise to withdraw federal troops from the South.

"New South” - Movement toward economic growth in the South post-Civil War, as industrialization became more common in cities such as Birmingham, AL, and the numerous investors (carpetbaggers) providing assistance

Jim Crow Laws - laws that enforced racial discrimination and segregation throughout the Reconstruction era, specifically pertaining to voting (Literacy Test, Poll Tax, etc.)