xWeek 1-1 Comparative Civil Service

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• Title: Comparative Civil Service SystemProf. Ivy M. BocaPolytechnic University of the Philippines, Open University SystemSta. Mesa, Manila

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Lesson 1: The Civil Service System

Learning Objectives:

• Understand the concept of civil service system and its aspects.

• Discuss the importance of the civil service system.

• Explain the distinction between public officer and employee, and public service and private service.

• Define and explain the historical development of Civil Service in the Philippines.

• Identify the colonial history and contributions to the Philippine Civil Service System.

• Explain the constitutional mandate on the civil service in the Philippines.

• Describe the functions and mandate of the Civil Service Commission.

• Differentiate and describe the civil service organization theories.

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Introduction

• Aim to understand civil service systems in selected countries, contrasting their structures.

• Highlight the significance of the Philippine Civil Service System in public service delivery.

• Notes similarities and differences in civil service systems regarding political party influence and agency employment practices.

• Aimed at academics and advanced students in public administration, political science, and Asian studies.

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Civil Service System

• Governed by the Civil Service Commission (CSC) as the central personnel agency.

• Established in 1900 and oversees policies for civil service employees to ensure government operation efficiency.

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Mandate

• Civil Service Commission established by Republic Act No. 2260, elevated to a constitutional body by the 1973 Constitution.

• Reorganized under PD No. 181 (1972) and EO No. 181 (1986).

• Mandated to promote morale, efficiency, integrity, responsiveness, progressiveness, and courtesy in Civil Service.

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Mandated Functions (1)

• Administer and enforce merit system provisions for all civil service levels.

• Prescribe, amend, and enforce rules and regulations for Civil Service Laws.

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Mandated Functions (2)

• Promulgate standards and guidelines for effective personnel administration in government.

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Mandated Functions (3)

• Formulate policies for position classification, compensation, and establish pay scales.

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Mandated Functions (4)

• Render binding opinions on personnel matters for departments and agencies; may be challenged in the Supreme Court.

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Mandated Functions (5)

• Appoint and discipline officials and employees, control Civil Service exam processes, and manage examinations.

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Mandated Functions (6)

• Develop and evaluate programs for qualified workforce retention and development.

• Hear and decide administrative cases; decisions may go to the Supreme Court.

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Mandated Functions (7)

• Issue subpoenas for document production during investigations.

• Declare positions in Civil Service as confidential or technical.

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Mandated Functions (8)

• Advise the President on personnel management, inspect and audit personnel actions and programs.

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Mandated Functions (9)

• Delegate authority and administer retirement programs for government employees, maintain personnel records.

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The Commission

• Overview of the Commission structure and purpose.

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CSC: Historical Highlights (1)

• The civil service system was established in 1900 under Public Law No. 5.

• Formation of a Civil Service Board responsible for examinations and appointment standards.

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CSC: Historical Highlights (2)

• 1935 Constitution established a merit-based employment system for government.

• Expanded jurisdiction to all branches of government.

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CSC: Historical Highlights (3)

• Republic Act 2260 in 1959 established the Civil Service Commission department status.

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CSC: Historical Highlights (4)

• Presidential Decree No. 807 in 1975 redefined the Commission's role and recognized employee rights.

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Definition of Terms (1)

• Civil Service: Branch of governmental service based on merit through exams.

• Civil Service Eligibility: Required exam for government career.

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Definition of Terms (2)

• Civil Servant: Employee in public sector.

• Officer: Person performing governmental functions with discretion.

• Public Service: Served by government directly or through funded private services.

• Private Service: Employment in personal or corporate sectors.

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Definition of Terms (3)

• Civil Service: Body of government officials employed in non-political, non-judicial jobs, meritoriously selected.

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Distinction between Public Officer and Employee

• Public service demands integrity and honesty.

• Public officers bind themselves to serve the public interest with diligence.

• Definitions differentiate between government employees and officials exercising discretion.

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Responsibilities of Public Officers

• Officers must use reasonable care and diligence in duties. Legal precedence supports this.

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Clarifying Public Officers and Employees

• Employee categories include individuals in government service; officers possess discretion in roles.

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Distinction between Public Service and Private Service

• Public service ensures access to essential service regardless of income; regulated for public benefit.

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Private Service Definition

• Made up of enterprises owned by individuals or groups aiming for profit, contrasted with public sector ownership.

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Reference List

• Citations and credits for source materials and images.