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The Conditional

• To express the idea of what would happen

  • Ex: If I was …..

• Same endings for all verbs that you add to infinitive

• ia, ias, ia, iamos, iais, ian

• All endings have accent mark on the i

• Conditional irregular verbs

  • Venir ~ vendr

  • Salir ~ saldr

  • Poder ~ podr

  • Haber ~ habr

  • Hacer ~ har

  • Tener ~ tendr

  • Poner ~ pondr

  • Saber ~ sabr

  • Querer ~ querr

  • Decir ~ dir

• Conditional is also used to make polite requests

The Past Subjunctive

• The past subjunctive (el imperfecto del subjuntivo) of all verbs is formed by dropping the –ron ending from the ustedes/ellos/ellas form of the preterite and adding the past subjunctive endings.

• Ra, ras, ra, ramos(accent on letter before r), rais, ran

• Verbs that have stem changes, spelling changes, or irregularities in the ustedes/ellos/ellas form of the preterite also have them in all forms of the past subjunctive. (pedir, dormir)

• In Spain and some other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, the past subjunctive is commonly used with another set of endings (–se, –ses, –se, –semos, –seis, –sen). You will also see these forms in literary selections.

The past subjunctive is required in the same situations as

the present subjunctive, except that the point of reference

is always in the past. When the verb in the main clause is

in the past, the verb in the subordinate clause is in the

past subjunctive.

• Use the past subjunctive after the expression como si (as if).

• The past subjunctive is also commonly used with querer to make polite requests or to soften statements. (Quisiera: I would like to…)

Si Clauses

• Si (if) clauses express a condition or event upon which another condition or event depends. Sentences with si clauses are often hypothetical statements. They contain a subordinate clause (si clause) and a main clause (result clause).

• The si clause may be the first or second clause in a sentence. Note that a comma is used only when the si clause comes first. 

• In hypothetical statements about conditions or events that are possible or likely to occur, the si clause uses the present indicative. The main clause may use the present indicative, the future indicative, ir a + [infinitive], or a command.

• In hypothetical statements about current conditions or events that are improbable or contrary-to-fact, the si clause uses the past subjunctive. The main clause uses the conditional.

• A contrary-to-fact situation is one that is possible, but will probably not happen and/or has not occurred.

• In statements that express habitual past actions that are not contrary-to-fact, both the si clause and the result clause use the imperfect.