112 Study Guide

Study Guide Overview

• The exam focuses on topics from weekly videos and textbook readings.

Key Topics Covered

• The Enlightenment

  • A cultural and intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

• The Social Contract

  • Philosophical theory about the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual; key figures include Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.

• Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires

  • Major Islamic empires that shaped global history; notable for their cultural, economic, and political impacts.

• Peter I of Russia

  • Known as Peter the Great; he modernized Russia and expanded its territory in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

• The Scientific Revolution

  • A period of major advancements in scientific thought from the 16th to the 18th centuries, highlighting figures like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton.

• Mercantilism

  • An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing international trade to increase national power.

• Transatlantic Slave Trade

  • The forced deportation of millions of Africans to the Americas; pivotal in shaping economies and societies.

• Indentured Servitude

  • A labor system where individuals worked for a fixed term in exchange for passage to America or land.

• European Incursions into Africa

  • European exploration and colonization; significant conflicts and changing dynamics in African societies.

• African Slavery

  • Enslavement and exploitation of African peoples; understanding its legacy and historical context.

• Shogun

  • A historical title in Japan; military leaders who held power during the feudal era.

• Revolutions of the 18th Century

  • Major political revolutions including the American Revolution and the French Revolution; shifts in power dynamics.

• Haitian Revolution

  • The first successful slave revolt resulting in the establishment of Haiti as the first Black republic in 1804.

• Napoleon

  • French military leader and emperor known for his role in the Napoleonic Wars and the spread of revolutionary ideals.

• Marxism

  • The political and economic theories of Karl Marx; focus on class struggle and the critique of capitalism.

• Imperialism

  • Expansion of empires and domination of weaker nations; caused significant global political changes.

• Opium War

  • Conflicts between China and Britain over trade and opium; led to significant repercussions for China.

• Meiji Restoration

  • A pivotal turning point in Japanese history leading to modernization and westernization of Japan.

• Causes of WWI

  • Analyze the political, military, and social factors leading to the global conflict.

• World War I

  • Overview of the conflict, its major battles, consequences, and peace treaties like the Treaty of Versailles.

• Causes of WWII

  • Factors leading to the outbreak of the second global conflict; including economic troubles and totalitarian regimes.

• World War II

  • Details on key battles, strategies, alliances, and the outcome of the war.

• Russian Revolution

  • The 1917 revolutions that led to the rise of the Soviet Union and the fall of the Romanov dynasty.

• Decolonization

  • The process of colonies gaining independence, particularly in the mid-20th century; significant movements and figures involved.