Anatomical Terms and Structures in Pigs

Mammary Papillae

• Also known as nipples, located on the ventral side of the pig.

Nipple Rows

• Arrangement of mammary glands, crucial for feeding offspring.

Umbilical Cord

• Connects the pig fetus to the placenta, vital for nutrient transfer.

Tail

• Located at the posterior end of the pig's body; serves various functions including balance and communication.

Urogenital Papilla

• An important anatomical feature used in identifying gender, located near the anus.

Incisions

• Lines drawn on the pig to show suggested incisions for opening the abdominal cavity.
• Important for surgical procedures or anatomical studies.

Abdomen Anatomy Overview

First Incision

• Barely cutting through the skin reveals abdominal muscles and the underlying structures.
• Noticeable dark
  • Liver: Important organ that processes nutrients and detoxifies harmful substances.
  • Peritoneal Membranes: Shiny membranes that protect abdominal organs.

Cutting Deeper

• Further incisions allow access to the peritoneal cavity.
• This cavity houses critical organs responsible for digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
• Accessing these organs requires careful handling to avoid damage.

Visible Organs upon Deeper Incisions:

• Peritoneal Membrane: Encases interior abdominal organs.
• Liver: Divided into right and left lobes.
• Small Intestine: Key organ for digestion and nutrient absorption.
• Large Intestine: Engages in absorption of water and electrolyte.

Pulmonary and Cardiovascular System Visualization

Major Structures:

• Heart: Central organ of the circulatory system.
• Lungs: Responsible for gas exchange; oxygenates blood.
• Esophagus: Connects throat to stomach, crucial for food passage.
• Trachea: Conducts air to and from lungs, located near the esophagus.
• Aorta: Largest artery in the body, distributing oxygenated blood.
• Vena Cava: Major vein returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Digestive System Overview

Key Organs in Digestion:

• Stomach: Breaks down food; combines with digestive enzymes.
• Duodenum: First part of the small intestine, where many digestive processes occur.
• Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes; essential for digestion and blood sugar regulation.
• Rectum: Terminal section of the large intestine, stores feces until excretion.

Reproductive Systems

Male Anatomy:

• Penis: Used for copulation and urination.
• Testicles: Primary male reproductive organs that produce sperm.
• Epididymis: Stores sperm cells as they mature.

Female Anatomy:

• Ovaries: Female reproductive organs that produce eggs.
• Oviducts: Transport eggs from ovaries to the uterus.
• Uterus: Where fertilized eggs develop into embryos; promotes implantation and growth.