Medications 1 (1)
Instructor: Dr. Vimala Edwin
Program: BSN Year 1, 2nd Semester
Discuss Medication and principles of pharmacology
Describe basic principles of pharmacology
Understand principles of medication administration
Discuss medication supply system
Understand dosage calculations systems of measurement
Identify Safety Measures in Preparing Drugs
Medication: Modifies body functions when taken
Pharmacology: Study of chemicals affecting body functioning
Pharmacist: Licensed to prepare and dispense drugs
Prescriptive Authority: Held by physicians, dentists, psychiatrists, and advance practice nurses
Nurses: Need knowledge about drugs, including names, preparations, classifications, adverse effects, and factors affecting drug action
Drug Nomenclature: Generic and Trade names
Types of Drug Preparations: Oral, Topical, Parenteral administration
Drug Classifications: By effect on body systems, clinical indication
Drug Indications: Why a specific drug is administered
Mechanisms of Drug Action: Pharmacokinetics (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)
Capsule: Powder or gel in gelatinous container
Pill: Mixture of powdered drug with cohesive material
Syrup: Medication in water and sugar solution
Tablet: Small, solid dose of medication
Ointment: Semisolid preparation for external application
Suppository: Melted medication in a firm base for insertion
Absorption: Influenced by route of administration, lipid solubility, pH, blood flow, and drug dosage
Distribution: Occurs after absorption, drug distributed throughout the body
Metabolism: Change of drug form, primarily in the liver
Excretion: Removal of drug from the body
Allergic Effect: Immune system response to drug
Drug Tolerance: Body habituated to drug effects, requiring larger doses
Toxic Effect: Symptoms related to drug therapy with risk for permanent damage
Idiosyncratic Effect: Unusual response to a drug
Drug Interactions: Occur when one drug is affected by another drug, food, or substance taken simultaneously
Developmental considerations: Pregnancy, pediatric, adult, and old age
Different age groups may respond differently to drugs.
Patient's body weight
Dosage may need adjustment based on weight.
Patient's gender
Distribution of body fat and fluids can affect drug action.
Genetic and cultural factors
Religious beliefs can impact patient compliance with drugs.
Psychological factors
Pathology
Presence of disease can affect drug action.
Environment and timing of medication administration
Monitoring serum levels for certain medications like antibiotics, digoxin, and warfarin.
Maintaining a therapeutic range for desired effects without toxicity.
Drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body.
Interact with cellular structures to produce desirable effects.
Medication orders are necessary from licensed practitioners.
Different types of medication orders: standing, PRN, one-time, stat.
Parts of a medication order include patient's name, drug name, dosage, route, frequency, and signature.
Various routes like oral, enteral, parenteral, topical, vaginal, rectal, etc.
Different terms used to describe each route.
Nurses are responsible for checking medication orders.
Nurses can question any order suspected to be in error.
Right to refuse administering harmful medication based on knowledge and experience.
Individual unit dose supply system and unit dose system.
Computerized medication dispensing system and medication cart for supply.
Improves patient safety and accuracy of medication administration.
Each patient and nurse have unique barcodes for identification.
Scanning IDs and medication packages to ensure correct dispensing.
Metric system and household system for administering medications.
Basic units of measurement and common metric units used.
Formula methods for calculating drug dosages.
Examples of calculating drug dosages using formulas.
Medication errors are preventable.
Safety is crucial in preparing and implementing drug administration to avoid errors.
Three Checks and the Rights of Medication Administration
Three checks to minimize medication errors:
When reaching for the container or unit dose package
After comparing with the drug chart
Before giving the medication to the patient
The Rights of Medication Administration
Ensuring accuracy by administering:
Right medication, patient, dosage, route, and time
Additional rights:
Assessment, reason, education, right to refuse, documentation, and response
Maintaining a Safe Environment
Factors for a safe medication preparation environment:
Good lighting, quiet location, working alone
Importance of not leaving medication unattended
Continuation of Maintaining a Safe Environment
Guidelines for handling prepared drugs:
Not leaving medication unattended
Locking medication cart when not in use
Handling Controlled Substances Safely
Procedures for handling controlled substances:
Locked medication dispensing rooms and containers
Requirements for ordering and documenting narcotics
Controlled Substances Documentation
Information required for narcotic administration records:
Patient's name, amount used, time given, prescribing physician, administering nurse
Controlled Substances Monitoring
Monitoring procedures for controlled substances:
Counting narcotics at each shift change
Verifying patient identification and drug count
Disposal of Narcotics
Guidelines for discarding narcotics:
Discarding unused portion with witness nurses
Documenting disposal with witness signatures
Nursing Process for Administering Medications
Steps in the nursing process:
Assessing medication history and patient's understanding
Using familiar terms and assessing knowledge about medication
Nursing Diagnoses
Examples of nursing diagnoses related to medication therapy:
Ineffective Health Maintenance, Anxiety, Constipation, Def
Instructor: Dr. Vimala Edwin
Program: BSN Year 1, 2nd Semester
Discuss Medication and principles of pharmacology
Describe basic principles of pharmacology
Understand principles of medication administration
Discuss medication supply system
Understand dosage calculations systems of measurement
Identify Safety Measures in Preparing Drugs
Medication: Modifies body functions when taken
Pharmacology: Study of chemicals affecting body functioning
Pharmacist: Licensed to prepare and dispense drugs
Prescriptive Authority: Held by physicians, dentists, psychiatrists, and advance practice nurses
Nurses: Need knowledge about drugs, including names, preparations, classifications, adverse effects, and factors affecting drug action
Drug Nomenclature: Generic and Trade names
Types of Drug Preparations: Oral, Topical, Parenteral administration
Drug Classifications: By effect on body systems, clinical indication
Drug Indications: Why a specific drug is administered
Mechanisms of Drug Action: Pharmacokinetics (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)
Capsule: Powder or gel in gelatinous container
Pill: Mixture of powdered drug with cohesive material
Syrup: Medication in water and sugar solution
Tablet: Small, solid dose of medication
Ointment: Semisolid preparation for external application
Suppository: Melted medication in a firm base for insertion
Absorption: Influenced by route of administration, lipid solubility, pH, blood flow, and drug dosage
Distribution: Occurs after absorption, drug distributed throughout the body
Metabolism: Change of drug form, primarily in the liver
Excretion: Removal of drug from the body
Allergic Effect: Immune system response to drug
Drug Tolerance: Body habituated to drug effects, requiring larger doses
Toxic Effect: Symptoms related to drug therapy with risk for permanent damage
Idiosyncratic Effect: Unusual response to a drug
Drug Interactions: Occur when one drug is affected by another drug, food, or substance taken simultaneously
Developmental considerations: Pregnancy, pediatric, adult, and old age
Different age groups may respond differently to drugs.
Patient's body weight
Dosage may need adjustment based on weight.
Patient's gender
Distribution of body fat and fluids can affect drug action.
Genetic and cultural factors
Religious beliefs can impact patient compliance with drugs.
Psychological factors
Pathology
Presence of disease can affect drug action.
Environment and timing of medication administration
Monitoring serum levels for certain medications like antibiotics, digoxin, and warfarin.
Maintaining a therapeutic range for desired effects without toxicity.
Drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body.
Interact with cellular structures to produce desirable effects.
Medication orders are necessary from licensed practitioners.
Different types of medication orders: standing, PRN, one-time, stat.
Parts of a medication order include patient's name, drug name, dosage, route, frequency, and signature.
Various routes like oral, enteral, parenteral, topical, vaginal, rectal, etc.
Different terms used to describe each route.
Nurses are responsible for checking medication orders.
Nurses can question any order suspected to be in error.
Right to refuse administering harmful medication based on knowledge and experience.
Individual unit dose supply system and unit dose system.
Computerized medication dispensing system and medication cart for supply.
Improves patient safety and accuracy of medication administration.
Each patient and nurse have unique barcodes for identification.
Scanning IDs and medication packages to ensure correct dispensing.
Metric system and household system for administering medications.
Basic units of measurement and common metric units used.
Formula methods for calculating drug dosages.
Examples of calculating drug dosages using formulas.
Medication errors are preventable.
Safety is crucial in preparing and implementing drug administration to avoid errors.
Three Checks and the Rights of Medication Administration
Three checks to minimize medication errors:
When reaching for the container or unit dose package
After comparing with the drug chart
Before giving the medication to the patient
The Rights of Medication Administration
Ensuring accuracy by administering:
Right medication, patient, dosage, route, and time
Additional rights:
Assessment, reason, education, right to refuse, documentation, and response
Maintaining a Safe Environment
Factors for a safe medication preparation environment:
Good lighting, quiet location, working alone
Importance of not leaving medication unattended
Continuation of Maintaining a Safe Environment
Guidelines for handling prepared drugs:
Not leaving medication unattended
Locking medication cart when not in use
Handling Controlled Substances Safely
Procedures for handling controlled substances:
Locked medication dispensing rooms and containers
Requirements for ordering and documenting narcotics
Controlled Substances Documentation
Information required for narcotic administration records:
Patient's name, amount used, time given, prescribing physician, administering nurse
Controlled Substances Monitoring
Monitoring procedures for controlled substances:
Counting narcotics at each shift change
Verifying patient identification and drug count
Disposal of Narcotics
Guidelines for discarding narcotics:
Discarding unused portion with witness nurses
Documenting disposal with witness signatures
Nursing Process for Administering Medications
Steps in the nursing process:
Assessing medication history and patient's understanding
Using familiar terms and assessing knowledge about medication
Nursing Diagnoses
Examples of nursing diagnoses related to medication therapy:
Ineffective Health Maintenance, Anxiety, Constipation, Def
