what is classification

- Clasification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their physical similarities

• Classification is also known as taxonomy

• Taxonomists are scientists that identify and name organisms

Binomial nomenclature

• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus

• 2 word naming system : each species is assigned a two part scientefic name (latin origin)

• Always written in italics

• First word is capitalized, second word lower case:

  • Genus species

  • Genus = a group of closely related species

• Ex. brown bear = Ursus arctos

Levels of classification

• dear king Phillip came over for great spaghetti = Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, family, genus, species

Hierarchal system

• Domain - Eukarya (cells with nuclei)

• Kingdon = animalia (animal)

• Phylum = chordata (backbone)

• Class = Mammalia (hair, mammary glands)

• Order = primates (can climb trees)

• Family = Hominidae (walk erect)

• genus = homo (man)

• species = sapiens (wise)

Why do we classify?

• To give universal names to organisms

• To organize organisms into groups

• to find relationships between organisms

Dichotomous Keys

• A system of identifying organisms using a two choice key

• aka taxonomy key

• “Dichotomous” means “divided into two parts” (Greek origin)

• dichotomous keys always give two distinct choices in each step (Black/white)

• Genus species: Homo sapiens for humans

• Domain = eukarya

  • plantae - multicellular eukaryotic (domain = eukarya)

  • animalia - multicellular, eukaryotic (domain = eukarya)

  • fungi - multicellular eukaryotic (domain = eukarya)

  • protista - eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular

  • eubacteria - unicellular, prokaryote (domain = bacteria)

  • archaebacteria- unicellular, prokaryotic (domain = archae)

• fungi are decomposers

Eubacteria vocab

—> prokaryotic = simple cells

—> nitrogen fixers= change the form of nitrogen to assist plants

—> peptidoglycan = carbohydrate in the cell wall

—> falagella = tail- like structure

—> cilia = hair like strucutres

Archae bacteria vocab

• extremeophiles = love extreme or CRAZY enviorments

• thermophiles = love extreme temperature (ex. hot thermal vents)

• methanogens - produce methane (ch4) from carbon dioxide

• helophiles = love salty enviorments

Protista

Fungi vocabulary

• heterotrophic =must consume food for energy

• decomposers = break down organic matter and absorb the nutrients