MIL-Modules-for-Students-Part-1

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?

• Definition: Plagiarism is taking someone’s words or ideas and presenting them as your own.

  • Dictionary definition (Dictionary.com): "a piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being your own work."

  • It can be intentional or unintentional.

  • Legal Implications: Violating copyright laws is illegal—do not use or download copyrighted material without appropriate citations.

TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

• Recognizing different forms of plagiarism is crucial because the boundary between research and plagiarism can be ambiguous.

• Uncited Sources:

  1. The Ghost Writer: Submits another's work verbatim as one’s own.

  2. The Photocopy: Copies substantial portions of text directly from a single source without changes.

  3. The Potluck Paper: Combines multiple sources while slightly altering sentences but keeping much of the original wording.

  4. The Poor Disguise: Changes a few words or phrases but retains the source material’s essential content.

  5. The Labor of Laziness: Paraphrases most of the paper from sources but does not create original work.

  6. The Self-Stealer: Reuses one’s previous work without proper citation (self-plagiarism).

• Cited Sources (Still Plagiarism):

  1. The Forgotten Footnote: Cites an author but lacks specific information about where to find the referenced material.

  2. The Misinformer: Offers inaccurate citations that make it hard to locate sources.

  3. The Too-Perfect Paraphrase: Properly cites but includes nearly identical stolen text without quotation marks.

  4. The Resourceful Citer: Cites reliably but contains little original input.

  5. The Perfect Crime: Cites sources but paraphrases arguments without acknowledgment, presenting them as original analysis.

PLAGIARISM IN MULTIMEDIA

• Plagiarism principles apply to all forms of media including:

  • Copying images, music, or video without permission or citation.

• Common examples:

  • Using copyrighted images in projects or presentations.

  • Making videos that include copyrighted music or footage.

  • Recreating visual works without proper attribution or rights.

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

1. Paraphrase: Rewrite information using your own words. Avoid copying more than two consecutive words.

2. Cite: Follow specific citation styles (APA, MLA, Chicago) accurately.

3. Quote: Use quotation marks for direct quotes and cite the source.

4. Cite Quotes: Include page or paragraph numbers in citations.

5. Cite Your Own Work: Treat previous work like it’s from someone else to avoid self-plagiarism.

6. Reference All Sources: Acknowledge the contributions of others in your work.

DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP, DIGITAL DIVIDE, AND DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

• Definition: Set of norms for responsible technology use.

• Nine Elements: These elements align with respect, educate, and protect surrounding technology issues.

DIGITAL DIVIDE

• Definition: Gap between those who have access to digital technology and those who don’t, concerning access, knowledge, and usage.

• Factors: Economic, social, geographical, fear of technology, lack of motivation, cultural factors contribute to this divide.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

• Definition: The trail of data left behind when using the Internet, impacting personal and professional opportunities.

  • It includes the websites visited and information shared.

• Strategies exist to build a positive digital footprint, including:

  • Personal branding through social media.

NETIQUETTE, INTERNET ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING

NETIQUETTE

• Definition: The etiquette of interacting online. Essential to remember that there's a human behind the screen.

• Core Rules of Netiquette: Include remembering the human, respecting privacy, and being forgiving of mistakes.

INTERNET ADDICTION

• Characterized by compulsive online behavior leading to addictive patterns similar to substance abuse.

CYBERBULLYING

• Online hostility or harassment that can lead to emotional distress and needs to be addressed seriously.

OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEDIA AND SOCIAL MEDIA

• Media refers to traditional broadcasting channels, while social media focuses on user engagement and collaboration.

• Kaplan and Haenlein's Dimensions of Social Media: Include social presence, media richness, and self-disclosure.

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF SOCIAL MEDIA

THREATS, RISKS, ABUSE, AND MISUSE

PERILS OF MEDIA USE

• Challenges of Relying on Media: Includes exposure to inappropriate content, misinformation, and online privacy risks.

  • Specific threats: Age-inappropriate content, illegal content (like child pornography), lack of content verification, incursions of human rights.

TRENDS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

CURRENT TRENDS

1. MOOC: Offers free online courses designed at the college level but not all confer credit.

2. Ubiquitous Learning: Learning enabled by mobile devices and social media usage, fostering informal and collaborative learning experiences.

3. Wearable Technology: Devices enhancing mobility and connectivity, varying from smartwatches to AR glasses.

4. 3D Environment: Technology allowing interaction in a digital world for fields like education and design.

LITERACY EVOLUTION

• Defined by UNESCO to exceed traditional reading and writing; emphasizes functional literacy for lifelong learning.

• Literacy includes how to consume, create, and utilize media effectively to navigate a complex information landscape.

PEOPLE MEDIA

DEFINITION

• Refers to individuals involved in media creation and analysis, serving as sources of information.

• Types of People Media:

  • Opinion Leaders: Socially influential, guiding lower-end users.

  • Citizen Journalists: Non-professionals utilizing technology for self-publication and information curation.

  • Crowdsourcing: Engaging a large group for ideas or services, exemplified by platforms like Waze.

PEOPLE IN MEDIA

These include professionals such as print journalists, radio broadcasters, and multimedia content creators who provide reliable information.

TEXT

• Definition of Text: A format for conveying ideas, can be formal or informal.

  • Differentiation between proper writing (rigorous) and informal communication (subjective).

• Types of Text: Various formats such as articles, emails, blogs, governed by different levels of editing.

VISUAL MEDIA AND INFORMATION

DEFINITION

• Visual media includes graphics, photographs, videos meant to communicate information.

  • Design principles ensure communication effectiveness and user engagement.

AUDIO MEDIA

• Utilizes sound to relay information through various formats.

  • Significant aspects include dialogue, sound effects, and music composition principles.