Untitled Flashcards Set

Blood

1. Transports oxygen, waste, and hormones

2. Regulates body temperature, pH and fluid volume

3. Prevents infection and blood loss

• Suspended cells are known as formed elements

• Fluid matrix is known as plasma

• Hematocrit= % of red blood cells

• Plasma: 55%, WBC: 1%, RBC:44%

• Plasma= 90% water, 10% dissolved gas..etc. 

3 types of proteins

1. Albumin- regulates osmosis between blood + tissues

2. Globins- Transports substances to fight infections

3. Fibrogen- used in blood clotting

• Composition of plasma is regulated by homeostais

Function of RBC: transport oxygen around the body via hemoglobin molecules 

Oxygen is non polar so it can’t diffuse into the blood

RBC

1. Very numerous 

2. Live 100-120 days

3. Confined to the blood 

4. Constants concentration

Vs. 

WBC

1. Less numerous 

2. Pass out of the blood (diapedesis) 

3. Concentration fluctuates 

4. Live a few days to a few years

Granulocytes: Neutrophils: Engulf and destroy bacteria , Basophils: dilate blood to help WBC to get to allergen faster, Eosinophils: kill parasitic worms in foods

Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes: T- cells and B- cells, Monocytes: become macrophages  

•  Platelets function: Cutting the blood when a vessel is broken

Blood processes 

• All formed elements are from a common cell (hemocytoblast)

• Hemocytoblasts differente into lymphoid stem cells which create lymphocytes and myeloid stem cells which create all other types of blood cells

Hormones

1. RBC= erythropoietin

2. WBC= CSF + Interleukins

3. Platelets= thrombopoietin

Blood clot= when a vessel is injured

1. Blood vessel contracts, reducing blood loss at the wound

2. Platelets are chemically attracted to wounded epithelium + stick together

3. Injured tissues releases tissues doctor

Thrombin + Fibrinogen= Fibrin Mesh

Abnormal clot restricts the flow of blood causing stroke, heart attack, and or death

Blood groups

• Antigen: substance that blood recognizes as foreign

• As antibodies blind they clump = agglutination (all plasmas clump)

• A can donate or A or AB 

• B can do donate to B or AB

• AB can ONLY donate to AB

• O can donate to all

• Anti Rh antibodies are not produced immediately 

** Moms can start to have pregnancies against  future babies

Heart 

• Apex= left hip

Outer covering

1. Fibrous pericardium: Provides protection and anchors heart in place 

2. Parietal Pericardium: Lubricates & reduce friction

3. Visceral Pericardium: Lubricates & reduce friction

Walls

1. Epicardium

2. Myocardium 

3. Endocardium

Pulmonary circuit- carries blood to lungs pick up O2 + drop off Co2

Systemic- Carries blood to body tissues drop off O2 + pick up CO2

Four chambers 

• Right atrium + left atrium

• Right ventricle + left ventricle 

Oxygenated: Left atrium and left ventricle

Deoxygenated: Right atrium + right ventricle 

cover atria= auricles

• AV valves: between atria and ventricles (Tricuspid + Bicuspid)

• Semilunar valves: between the ventricles and major blood vessels (pulmonary + aortic)

SA node= cardiac pacemaker

Diastole: Relax

• Atrial contraction ventricles fill 

• Av valves close making lub sound

• Isometric relaxation

Systole (contraction) 

• Isometric contraction of ventricle 

• Ejection phase 

• Selumlanr values close (dub sound)

Cardiac output= amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute (Heart rate x stroke volume)

• Stroke volume: blood pumped out by a ventricle in a heartbeat (exercise)

• Heart rate: Number of times the heart beats per minute (stress, hormones)