UNIT 4 - TQ64

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

UNIT 4: QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

• Sections of Unit 4:

  • § 4.1 Introduction to Quality Management Systems

  • § 4.2 International Standards Organization (ISO) Registration and Benefits

  • § 4.3 Environmental Management System (EMS)

4.1 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

• Definition of Quality Management Systems (QMS):

  • An assembly of components including management structure, responsibilities, processes, and resources to implement total quality management.

  • A structured framework defining policies, procedures, and processes to consistently deliver high-quality products/services.

  • Ensures compliance with customer expectations, regulatory requirements, and industry standards, promoting continuous improvement and efficiency.

• Importance of QMS:

  • It organizes the overall activities of a company, controlling technical, administrative, and human factors affecting product/service quality.

  • Guides cooperative actions of people, machines, and information to achieve quality objectives.

Activities of Quality Management System

1. Marketing:

   • Evaluating customer needs and usage requirements.

2. Design and Engineering:

   • Translating customer needs into product, process, and material specifications.

3. Purchasing:

   • Selecting vendors to supply materials/components according to specifications.

4. Production:

   • Controlling production to ensure compliance with standards.

5. Quality Assurance:

   • Identifying appropriate testing methods and quality control techniques.

6. Shipping:

   • Ensuring proper packaging, transportation, and distribution.

7. Documentation:

   • Maintaining system and progress documents throughout operations.

8. Product Development:

   • Innovating and improving products based on customer feedback.

9. Auditing:

   • Identifying non-conformities and implementing corrective actions.

Example of QMS Implementation

• Chef's Soufflés:

  • Consistent production achieved using:

    • Same ingredients, equipment, and methods.

  • Requires two feedback loops:

    • Voice of the customer (marketing activities).

    • Voice of the process (measurement activities).

  • Success leads to the need for consistency across multiple establishments by documenting and standardizing the system.

  • Regular audits and reviews ensure ongoing compliance and improvement.

4.1 KEY REQUIREMENTS OF QMS

• Customer Requirements:

  • Confidence in the organization's ability to consistently deliver the desired product/service.

• Organizational Requirements:

  • Compliance with internal/external regulations while optimizing costs and utilizing resources efficiently.

4.1 BENEFITS OF A QMS

• Primary Benefits:

  • Meeting customer requirements with quality products/services.

  • Improved marketability due to a good reputation.

  • Increased confidence for stakeholders.

  • Enhanced consistency in quality and productivity.

  • Better financial outcomes and clarity in operations.

  • Improved documentation and monitoring, which heightens export potential and aids human resource development.

4.1 QUALITY FUNCTION IN QMS

1. Marketing and market research

2. Design and product development

3. Procurement

4. Process planning/development

5. Production

6. Inspection, testing, examination

7. Packaging and storage

8. Sales and distribution

9. Installation and operation

10. Technical assistance and maintenance

11. Disposal after use

4.2 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION (ISO) REGISTRATION AND BENEFITS

Introduction to ISO

• Establishment: Founded in 1946, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

• Purpose: Develop common international standards across various industries.

• Membership: Over 170 national standards bodies.

• ISO 9000 Series: Initially published in 1987 and has undergone several revisions:

  • 1994: Minor updates focusing on quality assurance.

  • 2000: Shifted focus to a process-based approach.

  • 2015: Emphasis on risk-based thinking and alignment with modern practices.

Adoption of ISO Standards

• Organizations across diverse sectors—both manufacturing and service—adopt ISO-9000 series standards for consistent quality management.

Benefits of ISO Registration

• Market Requirement: Customers often demand compliance with ISO standards.

• Improved Processes: Achieves better operational efficiency and opens global market opportunities.

• Performance Improvements: Studies show enhanced performance post-registration in areas like time to market and cost efficiencies.

4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)

Introduction to EMS

• Definition: A structured framework for managing environmental responsibilities and enhancing performance.

• ISO 14001 Standards:

  • Evolves from ISO's focus on process rather than performance, supporting environmental responsibility.

ISO 14001 Focus Areas

• Integration with Other Systems: Combines environmental management with quality systems for balancing goals.

• Registration vs. Self-declaration: Companies can achieve certification to signify effective EMS adherence.

• PDSA Cycle for Implementation: Plan, Do, Study, Act cycle for continual environmental performance improvement.

ISO 14000 Series Standards

• Includes organizational and product evaluation standards that guide companies on compliance and sustainability practices.