AP Euro unit 3 

> \ > \ > # ^^Unit outline^^ IMPORTANT5opp.9890 DATES: 1648---------------------/1715--------------------1789 This unit is policies and intellectual history Part I 1648-1715 : political →Absolutism Louis XIV Intellectual → Scientific revolution 1715-1789: Policical→ Enlighted absolutism Intellectual → The Enlightenment → socialism, fascism,liberal stuff > # ^^The Rise of The royal State^^ ## Factors promoting royal centralization * Military/bureaucratic necessity * theoretical justification * aesthetic Gradior * reaction to the proceeding century instability * nobles give up autonomy for stability the rise of absolutism is because of the need for political stability in the wake of long and hard wars giving the kings a newfound justification for power Nobles align with the king for Special privileges for no aligning with the king *England is exemption* ### Military/ Buricratic necessity Military revolution and the rise of a professional army * DEmands centralized organization of army Constant War far, expanding army, rising cause demands tax collection * governments develop financial and legal jurisdiction Expanding governments for * Royal courts to * central government ### Theoretical Justification **Reformation theology 1520-1530** * Luther's secular lords received authority directly from god * Henry VII's act of supremacy → Anglicanism **French governmental theory: Jean Bodin** * Six books on the commonwealth * Devin's right of kings → king is only accountable to gods laws not his own * celebrates the power of the sovereign state 0000English Govermantial Theory Thomes Hobbs * Leviathan(1651) or the commonwealth was written during the English civil war * Vesting in absolute power * built on the idea of human solidarity * not necessarily monarchist * Thomas hobbs→ State of Nature” War On War” → Social Contract, we give up our freedom to have safety * We are bad-natured & will kill ## Aesthetic Grandeur and cultural control Visual Art * Baroque portaiture→king and family super dramatically * Printed propaganda Government has a hand in anything the public consumes Theaters\\church/art # Wars of Louis XIV 1661-1715 Goals → expand France to the rhine river Cement France as a hugamon of Europe France wants to be a Hegamon or concoring land and ruling over people around byproxy ## War of Spanish successions ### Goal→ put french noble on Spanish throne67 biggest war in euopean history since 30 years war Charles II dies in 1700 -→the king of frances want to put a bourbon on the throne, Austria says no french does it anyway and starts a 15 year war to keep house of bourbon on throne ## outcome → * french get an ally, Austria gets more land that was ruled over by France * France accrues debt and never pays back until french revolution * Contrys that woulde’t form unions do to maintain balance of power * president set that Europe should have a balance of power Pros and cons of louis’s regin Pros: France unquestionably # ^^The Scientific revolution^^ **Why Modern scince instead of superstion** * NO more trust in old superstitions * luther and religous wars exaserbated this proses * scptism Knowing that you dont know anything is the key to knowledge ## **Paradime shift -** * 3 things in a scintific theory * Explanitary Power - explaining power * Predictive Power - prediction power * Simplicty - Be able to explain to other people and easy to undertand All theorys need to have Explainitary and Predictive powers in order to be applicable Scince progressses when you have thing they futhers the way we think Occams Razor - Two ideas with the same conclusions use the one that is simplest ## **Polematic Paradigm 1/3 - scientific theory points** better then what we knew before, can predict the movement of planets 100 AD - 1550 * Geocentric universe (earth in middle) * Super comples model & math * No explanation of motion (based in theology) * evolved arounf being a better and more perfect (lighter * thought that once we moved outward we became lighter and brighter * god likes circles **Why bad** * retrograde motion * math is crazy * dose no expian why things happen **Promant people** * A**ristotle, ptolemey, aquinis** ## ^^Copernican Paradign 2/3 - Scitentific Theroty Points^^ ### Helocentric Universe 1550-1689 **Impoertant people** * copericus * tycho brahe * kepler - How speace stuff moves * galilo - church upset bc he says copernius was right / how earth stuff moves Simpler math (less circles 36 → 6) Predicts Planitary motion No explaition for motion just as accurate but simpler Galileo trys to prove that copericus was right ## Newtonian Paradigm 1689-1903 3/3 Scientific Theroty Point * no center / time and space are infinite and have no center * simple math? * predicts planitary * explans motion \ # {{The Enlightenment ruffly 1689-1789{{ * 1689 (glorious revolution & and newton) - 1789 Frech revolution * dominate European cultural movement during the 18th century * attacks on outdated ideas like theology, unearned privilege(feudalism) * ethics by reasons not by faith * Isaac newton set up physics a science of how things move through space ## {{Origins of the enlightenment{{ Intellectuals: scientific Revolution → reason can discern all things Social: the rise of bourgeoise Political: the success of the British government Main founding figures; departs, newton, Hobbs, lock ### {{Problems with the enlightenment{{ Europeans start to think that progress makes them better than all civilizations they believed because they were rational they should rule others intellectual ground work for colonialism ## < %%HRE 1648-1715%% shifting the balance of power 1648; peace of Westfalia decline of imperial authority **Habsburgs shifts focus** * consolidating power * seige of veinna * Hungary ### <