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Unit 9 Globalization Overview
Unit 9 Globalization Overview
Globalization
: Interconnectedness of the world facilitated by technology (internet, transportation).
Impact of Technology
:
Ability to travel globally in about 24 hours.
Instant communication worldwide through the internet.
Cultural exchange through music, news, and daily life.
Arab Spring
:
Mass protests in the Middle East (late 2000s - early 2010s).
Social media (Facebook) played a crucial role in mobilizing protests against governments.
Green Revolution
:
Scientific methods to increase agricultural productivity, especially in developing countries.
Key figure: Norman Borlaug.
Resulted in higher crop yields but increased inequalities between wealthy and poor farmers.
Pros and Cons of Agricultural Technology
:
Pros
: Increased food production, reduced starvation.
Cons
: Health risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), cost barriers for subsistence farmers.
Energy Shift
: Transition from coal to petroleum and gas; reliance on nonrenewable resources.
Medical Advancements
:
General use of antibiotics, vaccinations.
Birth control shifted societal norms, leading to increased women's participation in education and the workforce.
Environmental Change
:
Population growth drives demands for agricultural land, contributing to deforestation and desertification.
Urbanization leads to increased waste and pollution.
Economic Globalization
:
Free trade advocates: Reagan (US) and Thatcher (UK).
China opened special economic zones for foreign investments while maintaining communist political policies.
Maquiladoras
: Factories located near the US-Mexico border that benefit from lower labor costs in Mexico.
Human Rights Movements
: Including votes for women and civil rights in the US; issues persist even after legal changes.
Global Culture
: Blending of cultures worldwide, often leading to a homogenized global culture (e.g., global brands like McDonald's).
Critiques of Globalization
: Job outsourcing, loss of individual sovereignty, and widening income inequality.
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