• 10am ON TUESDAY

• TWO SHEETS OF PAPER FRONT AND BACK

TO-DO:

• Quiz questions (post exam 2 and onwards) bad retake flashcards

• write!

• Quiz questions (exam 2 onwards) answer choice flashcards

• write!

• Quiz questions (the rest of the quiz questions) flashcards

• write!

• Quiz answer choice flashcards

• write!

• Powerpoint + study guide grind

• 1 kahoot run through

• perfect kahoot run through

• two pieces of paper handwritten

What term is used to describe how dialects tend to merge over dialect boundaries?: dialect continuum

• bidialectalism

• bilingualism

• dialect continuum

• isogloss

Which term describes an individual’s personal use of language?: idolect

• idolect

• linguistic variable

• social marker

• social variable

What are dialect boundaries based on?: isoglosses

• bidialectal individuals

• isoglosses

• a continuum

• language varieties

LIN 3713 Spring 2023 Final Exam Study Guide
(100 multiple-choice, true/false questions)

UNIT 1
Communication:
 Types of communication
 Purposes of communication
 Process of communication

Speech production: respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation

Types of gestures: iconic, beat, deictic

Properties of language: reflexivity, displacement, arbitrariness, productivity, cultural transmission,
duality/discreteness

Recognize examples of speech and language processes

Bloom & Lahey Model
 3 domains of language (form, content, use)

 5 main components of language (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics)

Language and culture:
o Linguistic relativity/determinism
o Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Language origins:
 Genetic source (innateness hypothesis)
o Noam Chomsky and the Theory of Universal Grammar

Phonetics (how is it different from phonology?):
 Voice, place, and manner
 Classification/features of consonants & vowels
 Diphthongs
 NO transcription

Phonology:
 Phones/allophones
 Minimal pairs & sets
 Patterns: phonotactics; syllables (open/closed; components); consonant clusters
 Coarticulation effects
 Orthography
 Phonics, graphemes, phonemes, alphabetic principle

Word formation processes (all discussed in class and book)
Morphology:
 Free (lexical; functional) and Bound (inflectional; derivational)
 Allomorphs

UNIT 2
Grammar
 Approaches to grammar: prescriptive, descriptive
 Be able to identify the parts of speech (lexical categories) of words in sentences: [i.e., noun,
pronoun, verb (auxiliary, copular, transitive, intransitive), adjective, adverb, preposition,
conjunction, determiner (article, possessive pronoun, demonstrative)
Syntax
 Surface and deep structure: be able to identify sentences that share either the same surface
structure or deep structure

 Language typologies (4 main word order patterns in the world, e.g. SVO)

 What must a sentence have to be considered a complete sentence? (answer = a noun phrase
and a verb phrase)

 Phrases (be able to recognize the following phrase types and recognize their function in a
sentence):
o Noun phrases
o Verb phrases
o Prepositional phrases

 Phrase structure/Syntax trees: be able to interpret or match a tree diagram with a sentence
 Clause types: dependent, independent

 Sentence types:
o simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
o declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative

 Active/passive voice
Semantics
 Conventional/referential vs. associative/emotive meaning of a word
 What is semantic oddness? Be able to recognize an example of it.
 Semantic features (componential analysis)

o Words as “containers of meaning”
o Be able to recognize the semantic features of a noun (e.g., if the word is horse, the
correct analysis could be +animate, -human, +bigger than a book), or identify the
semantic features of a word that logically completes a sentence.

 Semantic roles of nouns/noun phrases:
o Recognize/be able to label the following in a sentence:

 agent, experiencer, theme, instrument, location, source, goal

 Lexical relations:

o Recognize/be able to label the following:
 Synonymy

 Antonymy (gradable, non-gradable, reversives)

 Hyponymy

 Prototypes

 Homophones

 Homonyms

 Polysemy

 Metonymy

 Collocation

UNIT 3
Pragmatics

 Physical and linguistic context

 Deixis: personal, spatial, temporal

 Reference: inference, anaphora, cataphora, presupposition

 Pragmatic markers

 Direct and indirect speech acts

o Structures and functions

Discourse
 Cohesion and coherence

 Cohesive ties/devices

 Conversational analysis

 Turn taking & interruptions

 Filled pauses

 Adjacency pairs

 The Cooperative Principle

o Maxims: quantity, quality, relation, and manner

 Tautology

 Hedges

 Implicatures

 Background knowledge

 Schema and script

Reading Comprehension

 Simple View of Reading

 Construction-Integration model

o Levels of comprehension

o What is required to form a situation model of a text?

o What do poor comprehenders usually have difficulty doing?

First and Second Language Acquisition

 First Language acquisition

o Requirements for language acquisition

o Motherese/caregiver speech

o Overgeneralization (morphology)

o Forming questions (syntax)

o Forming negatives (syntax)

o Overextensions (semantics)

 Second language acquisition

o Acquisition vs. learning

o Acquisition barriers

o Methods of teaching

o Factors influencing learning: transfer, interlanguage, motivation, input and output, task-
based learning

o Communicative competence
Language Difference versus Disorders

 Language differences

o Standard language, accent, dialect (how are these different from each other?)

o Isoglosses

o Social variation in language: social markers, speech style, register

 Language Disorders
o What is a language disorder and which aspects of Bloom & Lahey’s model can be
affected?

o Classifying language disorders focuses on 3 key features: etiology, manifestation,
severity (know what these terms refer to)

o Difference between a primary and secondary language impairment

o Developmental types of language disorders (SLI or DLD; autism; intellectual disability)

o Acquired language disorders (brain injury: infection, disease, TBI)