SG

BIO 233 Lab 1: Superior Appendicular Skeleton – Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb

Pectoral girdle and joints

  • Pectoral girdle = shoulder girdle (scapula + clavicle) anchors the humerus.

  • Key joints: sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral (shoulder).

  • Clavicle has sternal and acromial ends.

  • Scapula (shoulder blade) features: spine, fossae (supra/infraspinous, subscapularis), acromion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity, borders (medial, lateral, superior), and angles (superior, inferior).

Humerus

  • Features: head, diaphysis (shaft), anatomical and surgical necks, greater/lesser tubercles, intertubercular groove, deltoid tuberosity, capitulum, trochlea, condyle, medial/lateral epicondyles, coronoid and olecranon fossae.

Radius

  • Key features: head, radial tuberosity, ulnar notch, styloid process.

Ulna

  • Ulna is a bone in the forearm.

Carpus (wrist)

  • Composed of eight carpal bones arranged in two rows:

    • Proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform.

    • Distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.

  • Mnemonic: "Sally left the party to take Cathy home."

Metacarpus and digits

  • Metacarpal bones I-V form the palm.

  • Digits I-V, with digit I being the thumb (pollux/pollex).

  • 14 phalanges: proximal, intermediate (except digit I), and distal.