AP English Language & Composition Primary Terms

Diction: The choice of words and their arrangement in speech or writing to convey meaning, tone, or style.

Detail: Specific pieces of information or facts included by the author to support an idea, reveal character, or create a vivid picture.

Syntax: The arrangement of words and phrases in a sentence; governs sentence structure and how it contributes to meaning and effect.

Pacing: The speed or rhythm at which a narrative unfolds, influenced by sentence length, detail, and scene construction.

Tone: The author’s attitude toward the subject or audience, conveyed through word choice, sentence structure, and stylistic elements.

Shift: A change in tone, point of view, subject, or other literary element that signals a significant transition in the text.

Imagery: Descriptive language that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to create vivid mental pictures.

Connotation: The implied or associated meaning of a word beyond its dictionary definition, often shaped by cultural or emotional factors.

Figurative Language: Non-literal language used to create meaning or effect, including metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, etc.

Denotation: The literal, dictionary definition of a word, without any additional emotions or associations.

Point of View: The perspective from which a story is narrated, such as first person, second person, or third person (omniscient or limited).

Theme: The central idea or message of a work, often reflecting on human nature, society, or universal truths.