CELL DIVISION

Here are your 27 Cell Division flashcards, now numbered and fully ready for fast study and review:

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Cell Division Flashcards (Living Environment Regents)

1.

Q: What are the two types of cell division?

A: Mitosis (body cells) and meiosis (sex cells)

2.

Q: What is the purpose of mitosis?

A: Growth, repair, and to make identical body cells

3.

Q: What is the purpose of meiosis?

A: To make gametes (sperm and egg) with half the number of chromosomes

4.

Q: What is the result of mitosis?

A: 2 genetically identical diploid cells

5.

Q: What is the result of meiosis?

A: 4 genetically different haploid cells

6.

Q: What is a diploid cell?

A: A cell with a full set of chromosomes (46 in humans)

7.

Q: What is a haploid cell?

A: A cell with half the number of chromosomes (23 in humans)

8.

Q: What types of cells are made by mitosis?

A: Body cells (somatic cells)

9.

Q: What types of cells are made by meiosis?

A: Gametes (sex cells: sperm and egg)

10.

Q: Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

A: It ensures the offspring get half their DNA from each parent

11.

Q: What is crossing over and when does it happen?

A: It’s the exchange of DNA between chromosomes in meiosis; it increases genetic variation (Prophase I)

12.

Q: What is asexual reproduction?

A: Reproduction involving one parent, making identical offspring

13.

Q: What is sexual reproduction?

A: Reproduction involving two parents, making genetically unique offspring

14.

Q: What is cancer?

A: Uncontrolled cell division (mitosis that doesn’t stop)

15.

Q: What is interphase?

A: The phase before division when the cell grows and copies its DNA

16.

Q: What are the stages of mitosis (in order)?

A: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)

17.

Q: What happens in prophase?

A: DNA condenses into chromosomes; nuclear membrane breaks down

18.

Q: What happens in metaphase?

A: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

19.

Q: What happens in anaphase?

A: Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends

20.

Q: What happens in telophase?

A: Two new nuclei form; cell starts to split

21.

Q: What is cytokinesis?

A: The final split into two separate cells after mitosis

22.

Q: How many chromosomes do human body cells have?

A: 46 chromosomes

23.

Q: How many chromosomes do human gametes have?

A: 23 chromosomes

24.

Q: What is a zygote?

A: A fertilized egg (sperm + egg = zygote, 46 chromosomes)

25.

Q: What process makes a zygote divide into more cells?

A: Mitosis

26.

Q: How does mitosis relate to growth and repair?

A: It makes new identical cells to replace old or damaged ones

27.

Q: What happens in Meiosis II (PMAT II)?

A: Chromatids separate just like in mitosis, but from haploid cells, forming 4 unique gametes

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