Lock and Key theory: Enzymes have an area called active site that has the correct shape to bind to one type of molecule. This molecule is called the substrate. Enzymes catalyse specific reactions according to the shape of their active site.

Amylase: Produced in the salivary glands, pancreas and wall of small intestine to break them starch into glucose.

Protease: Produced in the wall of stomach, Pancreas and Wall of intestine to break down proteins into peptides or amino acids.

Lipase: Produced in the pancreas to break down fats into fatty acids.

Bile: A fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Aorta: Largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Pulmonary artery: A blood vessel that carried deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

Pulmonary vein: Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart, specifically the left atrium.

Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and then pumps it to the right ventricle

Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lung and them empties the blood to the left ventricle

Vena Cava: A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Oxygenated blood: Higher concentration of oxygen

Deoxygenated blood: Higher concentration of carbon dioxide than oxygen

Arteries: Carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body’s tissues

Capillaries: Small blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen and nutrients occur between the blood and body tissues.

Veins: Carrying deoxygenated blood from the body’s tissue to the heart

Red blood cells: Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs

White blood cells: Cells of the immune system that protect the body against infections.

Platelets: Fragments of cells that aid blood clotting

Non-communicable diseases: Cannot pass from one person to another person

Communicable diseases: Can be passed on from one person to another person

Pathogens: A microorganism such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites that can cause disease.

Palisade Mesophyll tissue: Cells which has lots of chloroplasts and maximises the amount of light energy that can be captured in photosynthesis.

Spongy Mesophyll tissue: Cells with large surface area and lots of air gaps. This maximises the rate of gas exchange for photosynthesis and allows gases to diffuse easily through the leaf and from the stomata.

Epidermal tissue: A waterproof waxy surface layer on the upper epidermis prevents water loss

Guard cells: Open and close the stomata.

Stoma: Pores in the leaf that gases can diffuse through

Transpiration: Water is lost from the leaves of a plant by evaporation and diffusion

Translocation: Movement of dissolved food molecules through phloem tissue

Phagocytes: Protects the body from bacteria and dead cells

Lymphocytes: A crucial role in the immune system helping the body by fight against infections and diseases

Antibodies: Proteins produced by Lymphocytes to attack Pathogens

Antigens: Proteins found on the surface of pathogens (Bacteria/Viruses)

Antitoxins: Lymphocytes can neutralise the toxins made by the pathogen

Process of Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, chlorophyll captures light energy, enabling plants to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and release oxygen. This is an endothermic reaction.

Photosynthesis equation: Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Respiration: It transfer the energy stored in molecules, such as glucose so that the energy is available for living processes.

Aerobic Respiration: Which oxygen is used to make energy from glucose

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