What are the four main functions of muscles?

Describe epimyseum, perimyseum, and edomysium.

What is a fascicle?

Describe the five general muscle shapes.

What are prime movers, synergists, antagonists, and fixators?

What are intrinsic muscles? What are extrinsic muscles?

What type of hernia is most common?

What is a muscle fiber?

Describe the three parts of a skeletal muscle.

5 characteristics of muscles

3 muscle types- voluntary or involuntary

What is the stress-relaxation response

Recognize on a picture- myofibrils, the 3 connective tissue coverings, sarcomere, actin (I band), myosin (A band), and a fascicle

What makes the muscles appear striated?

What is the boundary of a sarcomere? (outside edge)

Name the regulatory proteins of muscle contraction

Know the steps of the physiology of a muscle contraction

What is the sliding filament theory

What is rigor mortis and why does the body relax with time

What is muscle tone

Differentiate between isometric and isotonic phases

Differentiate between the 3 types of ATP formation for muscle contraction and what type of exercise they are used for

What causes muscle fatigue

What is the purpose of oxygen debt

Know the factors determining muscle strength

How are resistance training and endurance training different

Know the cause and results of muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis

What makes up the CNS?

What makes up the PNS, where do signals travel (to and from)

Job of the somatic motor division, voluntary or involuntary

Job of interneurons

Examples of effectors

5 main parts of a neuron

What is a ganglion?

What controls the speed of a nerve signal

What is the difference between a multipolar neuron and a bipolar neuron

Know the jobs of the 4 neuroglial cells of the CNS

Know the sequence of events during a nerve impulse

Know the difference between a diverging and converging circuit

Know the difference between immediate and short term memory

Know the difference between declarative and procedural long term memory

What degenerates in Parkinson patients (causes the symptoms)

What is a central pattern generator?

Where does the spinal cord start and end in an adult?

Name the 4 regions of the spinal cord

What do the enlargements of the spinal cord serve

What is the cauda equina, what is its location

Name the 3 meninges protecting the spinal cord (in order by layers)

Where is the epidural space and what is it commonly used for

The sensory fibers originate in the _____ horns of the gray matter

The motor fibers originate in the _____ horns of the gray matter

Know the 3 layers of nerve coverings (in order)

Where are the cervical and brachial plexus, what do they serve

Know the somatic reflex pathway

What is a gyrus?

What is a sulcus?

What is the longitudinal fissure?

What is the corpus callosum?

Where is the gray matter in the brain? What is its composition?

What are the 3 meninges covering the brain?

What are the 3 functions of the CSF?

What does the BBB let enter the brain?

The medulla oblongata is the reflex center for…

Where is the white matter located in the cerebellum?

Where is your coordination, motor abilities, and equilibrium center located?

What is the reticular formation?

The thalamus routes sensory info to the ____ _____ and relays signals from the ______ to the _____.

What controls your ANS, hunger, sleep, emotional behavior and sex drive?

Where is your cerebral vision center? Hearing center?

The center of your emotional (primitive brain) is the __________

When do you produce alpha waves? Beta waves?

How many stages of non-REM sleep? When do dreams occur?

Somesthetic sensations include-

What does the Wernicke area control?

Which 2 cranial nerves are sensory only?

Which 3 cranial nerves are involved in taste?

Loss of facial muscle control

Acute inflammation of the brain (often bacterial)

Pain in eyes, lips, forehead, and jaw; often follows tooth extraction

Loss of peripheral vision, increased intraocular pressure

Abnormal muscle tone; often caused by trauma at birth

What do chemoreceptors detect?

Where are special senses receptors located?

What is pain?

What is the difference between fast and slow pain?

What is referred pain? (know an example)- *really visceral but appears somatic

Which of the lingual papillae contain taste buds? Which don’t?

What are the pure taste sensations?

Know the smell pathway

What is the human range for pitch?

What is loudness? What happens at 120dB?

What is the auricle?

What is the tympanum?

What connects the middle ear to the throat?

Know the info on otitis media.

Where are the hearing receptors (hair cells) located?

What is the function of the vestibule? The semicircular canals?