Before Christopher Columbus arrived.
The Mayans
The Aztecs
The Incas (South America)
(250 A.D. - 900 A.D.)
Mesoamerica: South of Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula, and part of Central America (Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Honduras).
First significant civilization of the area: 1200 B.C. - 400 B.C.
The Mayan civilization existed before and during the colonization period (1300 A.D. - 1521 A.D.).
Escritura (Writing):
Hieroglyphics: A writing system with images, typically found on stones.
Agricultura (Agriculture):
Cultivo (Cultivation):
Maíz (Corn).
Frijoles (Beans).
Calabaza (Squash) and more.
Irrigación (Irrigation):
Reservorios (Reservoirs).
Sistema de filtración con minerales (Filtration system with minerals).
Astronomía (Astronomy):
Advanced 365-day calendar.
Studied the stars.
El Caracol: Observatory in Chichén Itzá.
Religión (Religion):
Politeístas (Polytheistic): Believed in many gods.
Ahuacan: Supremo sacerdote, un líder religioso (supreme priest, a religious leader).
Sacrificios (Sacrifices): Regalos a los dioses (gifts to the gods), flowers and food, and sometimes human sacrifices.
Kukulcán:
Dios supremo, dios de la creación (supreme god, god of creation).
Combination of serpiente y pájaro (serpent and bird).
Arquitectura (Architecture):
Pirámides (Pyramids).
Templos (Temples).
Canales de irrigación (Irrigation canals).
Reservorios de agua (Water reservoirs).
Templo dedicado a Kukulcán (Temple dedicated to Kukulcán).
Recibió su nombre de los españoles en Chichén Itzá (Received its name from the Spanish in Chichén Itzá).
Kukulcán desciende en marzo y septiembre (Kukulcán descends in March and September).
Chichén Itzá:
Ciudad principal, localizada en la Península de Yucatán (Main city, located on the Yucatán Peninsula).
Great Ball Court
Temple of Jaguars
Platform of the Jaguars and Eagles
Sacred Cenote
Platform of Venus
Temple of Warriors
High Priest's Grave
El Caracol Observatory
Group of the One Thousand Columns
Chichén Itzá: Una de las 7 maravillas del mundo (One of the 7 wonders of the world).
Tulum:
Ruinas en la costa del estado de Quintana Roo (Ruins on the coast of the state of Quintana Roo).
Una de las últimas ciudades hechas por los mayas (One of the last cities built by the Mayans).
Uxmal:
Una de las mejores conservadas ciudades mayas (One of the best-preserved Mayan cities).
Pirámide del adivino (Pyramid of the Magician).
Tikal:
Ruinas de los mayas en Guatemala (Mayan ruins in Guatemala).
La ciudad con el sistema más extenso de reservorios (The city with the most extensive system of reservoirs).
Juego de pelota (Ball game): Precursor al fútbol (precursor to soccer).
El objetivo era lanzar la pelota con el cuerpo (no las manos) por un aro (The objective was to throw the ball with the body (not hands) through a hoop).
7 libras de goma, un poco más pequeño de un balón de fútbol (7 pounds of rubber, a little smaller than a soccer ball).
Los Mayas y su desaparición (The Mayans and their disappearance).