Untitled Flashcards Set

Nervous System 01 pt1 & 2

• General functions of the nervous system

• Functional and structural division of the nervous system.

• Functional and structural classification of neurons

• Functional features of neurons

• Functional diversity of neuroglia

• Functional and structural features of myelination in the CNS and PNS

• Purpose of transmembrane potentials and changes to resting membrane potentials

• Protein/ enzymatic function associated to the propagation of action potentials.

• Absolute & relative refractory periods

• Functional features of chemical and electrical synapses

• Neurotransmitter receptors and inhibitory (IPSP) & excitatory (EPSP) effects

• Graded & All-or-none action potentials.

• Spatial & Temporal summation

Nervous System 02

• White vs. Gray matter distribution in the CNS

• General functions of the occipital, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes

• Functional and structural foundation of cerebral lateralization

• Physiology of speech

• Speech disorders

• Physiology of memory and memory consolidation

• Memory loss conditions

• Physiology of ventricles & neurogenesis

• Functional significance of:

  • Hypothalamus

  • Pituitary Gland

  • Midbrain

  • Diencephalon

  • Myelencephalon

  • Metencephalon

  • Cerebellum

Nervous System 03

• Signal transduction of Somatic Motor Neurons: Purpose and major structures involved.

• Signal transduction of Autonomic Motor Neurons: Purpose and major structures involved.

  • Sympathetic

  • Parasympathetic

• Purpose and signal transduction pathway of reflexes

• Significance and physiology of mass activation through signal convergence/ divergence

• Physiology and significance of the sympathoadrenal system

  • Neurotransmitter and hormonal Adrenergic stimulation

• Significance and physiology of selective activation

• Sympathetic Neural adrenergic stimulation of beta 1 & 2 receptors

• Sympathetic Neural cholinergic stimulation of alpha

• Parasympathetic Neural cholinergic stimulation

• G-protein coupled receptors in parasympathetic & sympathetic neurotransmitter stimulation.

• Ligand receptors in parasympathetic & sympathetic neurotransmitter stimulation

• Postganglionic neurotransmitter release & dual innervation

  • Cooperative, complementary, and antagonistic effects

Nervous System 03 – Endocrine System

• General function of the endocrine system and hormones discussed in class/lectures.

• Hormone classification and commonalities among hormone pathways

• Synergistic, permissive, and antagonistic effects of hormones

• Second messenger systems mechanism:

  • cAMP

  • Phospholipase C-Ca2+

  • Tyrosine kinase

• Interaction between cAMP and Phospholipase C-Ca2+ in a liver cell

Nervous System 04

• General function and classification (anatomical and functional) of sensory receptors

• Graded potentials & generator potentials in sensory reception

• Chemoreception mechanisms associated in smell & taste. Including anatomical and functional specialization of the receptors involved.

• Cutaneous receptor types and general function

• Mechanisms associated with sound perceptions in the cochlea.

• Mechanisms associated with balance/motion detection in the vestibule & semicircular canals.

• Photopigment stimulation in photoreceptors. Differences in the presence and absence of light.

• Physiology of receptive field & receptor density and their association to the two-point threshold

• Sensory adaptation in tonic and phasic receptors