Introduction+to+PD

Nexus between Population & Development

• Understanding the interrelations and impacts of population dynamics and development

Population Growth Over Time

• World Population in 1975

  • Total population: 4,069,437,230

  • Gender distribution depicted in population pyramid

  • Significant data points illustrating percentage distribution by age and sex

Changes in World Population

• World Population Pyramid Changes

  • Comparative analysis of population pyramids from 1950, 2016, and projections for 2100

  • Trends showing demographic shifts over the decades

Regional Demographic Shifts

• Eastern and South-Eastern Asia

  • Population changes by age and sex: 1975 vs. 2023

  • Impact of demographic shifts on social structures and health care needs

Brunei's Population Changes

• Population Trends

  • Changes in citizen, permanent resident, and temporary resident populations from 1981 to projections for 2035

  • Analysis of age demographic shifts in Brunei

Understanding Population Dynamics

• Definitions

  • Population Size: Total number of people, influenced by birth and death rates

  • Population Structure: Composition in terms of age and gender affecting socio-economic development

  • Population Distribution: Geographical spread influenced by migration and growth rates

  • Population Characteristics: Traits like education and occupation that impact economic well-being

Illustrative Examples of Population Impacts

• Population Size: An increased birth rate leads to demand for more schools and hospitals

• Population Structure: Younger populations need more educational facilities, while older populations require health services

• Population Distribution: Migration to urban areas outpaces rural growth, affecting labor distribution

• Population Characteristics: A more educated workforce fosters innovation and economic growth

Interplay of Population and Development

• Defining the Nexus

  • The interplay of population dynamics and development processes (economic, social, environmental) shapes growth

  • Population influences development outcomes and vice versa

Factors Influencing Population Dynamics

• Key factors influencing population dynamics include size, composition, geographical distribution, and environmental factors such as fertility and mortality

• Population Dynamics Equation: Pt = Po + B - D + M (I-O) where Pt = population at time t, Po = initial population, B = births, D = deaths, M = migration

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-2030

• Goals include:

  1. No Poverty

  2. Zero Hunger

  3. Good Health and Well-being

  4. Quality Education

  5. Gender Equality

  6. Clean Water and Sanitation

  7. Affordable and Clean Energy

  8. Decent Work and Economic Growth

  9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

  10. Reduced Inequality

  11. Sustainable Cities and Communities

  12. Responsible Consumption and Production

  13. Climate Action

  14. Life Below Water

  15. Life on Land

  16. Peace and Justice

  17. Partnerships for the Goals

Challenges in Resource-Limited Settings

• Impact of Population Growth

  • Rapid population growth inhibits achieving SDGs, particularly in low-resource areas

  • Increased population intensifies poverty, food insecurity, and health crises

Environmental Challenges

• Effects of Climate Change

  • Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face vulnerabilities, compounded by population growth and climate change

  • Need for resilience-building against environmental changes and climate events

Fertility and Wellbeing

• Relationship with Development

  • High fertility rates often indicate limited access to resources and education

  • Empowering women through education and health services can reduce fertility rates and improve outcomes

Key Takeaways

• Population and development are interconnected; understanding this relationship informs policy-making

• Context-specific strategies are necessary to maximize potential benefits and address challenges effectively

Resources

• Sciubba, Jennifer D. 2022. Introduction. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

• United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2021). "Chapter 2. Why Population Growth Matters for Sustainable Development", pp: 13-18.

Thank You