Module 6: Psychological Interventions (Counseling and Psychotherapy)

Efficacy: The ability of treatment to produce a desired outcome.  

Effectiveness: The actual impact of treatment in real-world settings.  

Psychotherapy: A broad range of collaborative processes between a trained professional and client to address emotional/behavioral issues and promote change. Uses various techniques and theoretical approaches.

Psychoanalysis: Long-term therapy focused on unconscious processes and early life. Uses techniques like free association and dream analysis within a unique therapeutic relationship to gain insight.

Free Association: A technique where patients speak without censorship to reveal thoughts.

Dream Analysis: Interpreting dreams (what you remember) to understand hidden meanings and unconscious issues. Used in psychoanalysis.

Transference: Projecting feelings from past relationships onto the therapist.  

Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious strategies employed to protect against anxiety or guilt.  

Ego: The rational component of personality that mediates between desires and reality.  

Id: The instinctual, primitive part of personality focused on immediate gratification.  

Superego: The ethical component that internalizes societal values.

Unconscious Motivation and Intentionality: Factors outside an individual's awareness significantly influence the development and maintenance of psychopathology.  

Person-Oriented Perspective: The focus is on understanding the whole person, including strengths and vulnerabilities.