Required Vocabulary AP Vergil

ā ab abs from, by

abscondo (3) "I hide"

accipiō accipere accēpī acceptus to receive

ad prep. c. acc. "near", "toward"

adhūc thus far, to this point, still

admoneo (2) admonui, admonitum "I warn" to admonish, remind

adsum (ad+sum) "I am present"

adytum –ī n. "inner sanctum"

aeger aegra aegrum sick

aequaevus –a –um of equal age

aequor aequoris n. sea

aes, aeris (n.) "copper", "bronze"

aeternus –a –um everlasting, eternal

āiō to say, affirm, say yes

aliēnus –a –um strange, unrelated, another's

altum, -i (n.) "the sea"

ante before, in front of (adv. and prep. +acc.)

antīquus –a –um ancient, old

ara, -ae (f.) "an altar"

arma, -orum (n.) "weapons"

artus artūs m. limb, leg

arvum., -i (n.) "the land", "a field"

arx arcis f. summit, citadel

aspectus aspectūs m. sight

aspiciō aspicere aspēxī aspectus to look at

astrum astrī n. star

āter atra atrum black

atque or ac and, also

aula, -ae (f.) "a great hall"

aura aurae f. breeze

auris auris f. ear

auspicium auspicī(ī) n. divination; authority

autem (conj.) "but"

barba –ae f. beard

bellum, -i (n.) "a war"

bigae, -arum (pl.) "a chariot"

caecus, -a, -um (adj.) "blind", "hidden"

capessō (3) capessiī/capessīvī capessitus "I sieze", "I take up eargerly"

capiō capere cēpī captus "take", "get"

caput capitis n. head

Carthāgō Carthāginis f. Carthage

cārus –a –um precious

cāsus cāsūs m. fall, chance

causa causae f. cause, reason, lawsuit

celer celeris celere swift

cernō cernere crēvī certus to discern, separate

cervīx cervīcis f. neck

circumstō circumstāre circumstetī to stand around

clāmor clāmōris m. outcry, shout

classis classis f. division, fleet

clipeus –ī m. or clipeum –ī n. round shield

collum collī n. neck

colō colere coluī cultus to inhabit, cultivate

comes comitis m. or f. companion

commendō commendāre commendāvī commendātus to entrust, recommend, approve

compellō compellāre compellāvī compellātus to address

compōnō compōnere composuī compōsitus to build, arrange, bury, calm down

concrēscō –ere –crēvī –crētus to grow together; grow thick; stiffen

coniūnx coniugis f. spouse

cōnsīdō cōnsīdere cōnsēdī cōnsessus to sit down, settle

cōnūbium –iī n. marriage

cōpia cōpiae f. abundance; troops

cor cordis n. heart

corpus corporis n. body

crīnis crīnis m. hair

crūdēlis crūdēle unfeeling, cruel

cruentus –a –um bloody, blood–stained

culmen –inis n. top

cūnctus –a –um all

cūra cūrae f. care, concern

cuspis –idis f. sharp point, spear

dea deae f. goddess

dēcēdō dēcēdere dēcessī dēcessus to move away, withdraw

dēfendō dēfendere dēfendī dēfensus to defend, ward off

dēferō dēferre dētulī dēlātus to carry away; report, confer

dēfessus –a –um weary, exhausted

dēlūbrum –ī n. "a temple"

dēnique finally

dēserō dēserere dēseruī dēsertus to leave, abandon

dēsinō dēsinere dēsiī dēsitusto leave off, cease

dēstruō –ere –strūxī –strūctus to destroy

dētineō –ēre –uī –tentus to hold from or back; hold

deus deī m. god

dextera dextera f. right hand

diēs diēī m. or f. day

dīripiō –ere –ripuī –reptus to tear apart or off; snatch

dissimulō dissimulāre dissimulāvī dissimulātus to conceal, dissemble

divus, -a, -um "divine" (usu. subst. "god(dess)")

dō dare dedī datus to give

domus domī f. house, home

dōnum dōnī n. gift

dracō –ōnis m. dragon or fabulous kind of serpent

dūcō dūcere dūxī ductus to lead; consider

dum while, until, provided that

efferō efferre extulī ēlātus to carry out or away

effundō effundere effūdī effūsus to pour out

ēnumerō ēnumerāre ēnumerāvī ēnumerātus to count out or completely; enumerate

equidem indeed

ēripiō ēripere ēripuī ēreptus to tear away, snatch away

etiam also

exhālō exhālāre exhālāvī exhālātus to breathe out

exprōmō –ere –prōmsī –prōmptum to bring forth, explain

exspectō exspectāre exspectāvī exspectātus to wait for, expect

exstinguō exstinguere exstinxī exstinctus to extinguish

exter extera exterum outward, foreign

exuō exuere exuī exūtus to take off, strip

exuviae –ārum f. that which has been taken off; a garment

fāma fāmae f. rumor, fame

fātālis fātālis fātāle fated, fatal

fātum, -i (n.) "destiny"

ferō ferre tulī lātus to bear, carry, report

fēstus –a –um sacred, festive

fētus –a –um pregnant

fīdus –a –um faithful, trustworthy

fingō fingere fīnxī fīctus to shape, invent

flamma flammae f. flame

fleō flēre flēvī flētus to cry

flētus fletūs m. weeping

fluctus, -us (m.) "a wave"

foedō foedāre foedāvī foedātus to defile

foedus foederis n. contract, treaty

for fārī fātus sum to speak, say

frāter frātris m. brother

fraudō fraudāre fraudāvī fraudātus to defraud, cheat, act illegally

frōns frondis f. leaf

fuga fugae f. flight, escape

fugiō fugere fūgī fugitus to flee, escape

fūnis fūnis m. rope, line

fūnus fūneris n. funeral; death; dead body

furor furōris m. madness

fūrtum fūrtī n. theft

futūrus –a –um about to be; future

geminus –a –um twin

gemitus –ūs m. groaning; groan

genitor genitōris m. father

gens, gentis (f.) "family", "cultural group"

gerō gerere gessī gestus to bear, manage

grātus –a –um pleasant; grateful

graviter heavily

habeō habēre habuī habitus to have, hold

hasta hastae f. spear

hauriō haurīre hausī hastus to drain, drink, swallow

hībernus –a –um (belonging to) winter

homō hominis m. human being, man

horrendus –a –um to be shuddered at; dreadful

horror –ōris m. roughening or bristling; (fig.)

hospes hospitis m. guest; stranger; host

hostis hostis m. (public) enemy

hymenaeus –ī m. marriage

iaculor –ātus sum to hurl the javelin; to dart; throw

igneus –a –um fiery

ignis ignis m. fire

īgnōtus –a –um unknown

imāgō imāginis f. image, echo

immemor –oris unmindful, forgetful

immōtus –a –um unmoved, unchanged, unrelenting

incendō incendere incendī incensus to set fire to, burn

incertus –a –um uncertain

incipiō incipere incēpī inceptus to begin

incipiō incipere incēpī inceptus to begin

inclutus (inclitus) –a –um famous, glorious

indīgnus –a –um unworthy (of)

induō induere induī indūtus to put on, clothe

īnfēlīx īnfēlīcis unfortunate, unhappy

īnfēnsus –a –um hostile, angry

īnferus –a –um low

ingens, ingentis (adj.) "huge"

iniūria iniūriae f. injustice, wrong

innūptus –a –um not veiled

interpres –etis m./f. an agent between parties; a mediator

intorqueō –ēre –torsī –tortus to turn or hurl toward

intrō intrāre intrāvī intrātus to enter

invidia invidiae f. envy, jealousy

ira, -ae (f.) "anger"

iubeō iubēre iussī iussus to order

iūssus iūssūs m. order, command

lābor labī lapsus sum to glide, slip (down)

labor labōris m. work

lacrima lacrimae f. tear

lāpsus –ūs m. slipping; gliding

largus –a –um ample

līmen līminis n. threshold

lītus, -oris (n.) "a shore"

loquor loquī locūtus sum to speak

lōrum lōrī n. or lorus –ī m. thong, strap

lūdō lūdere lūsī lūsus to play; play with

lūmen luminis n. light

lūstrō lūstrāre lūstrāvī lūstrātus look over; survey

lūx lūcis f. daylight

māchina māchinae f. machine

maestus –a –um sad, depressing

māgnus –a –um great

mandātum –ī n. order, commission

manifēstus –a –um clear, manifest

manus manūs f. hand; band of men

mare, maris (n.) "the ocean"

medius –a –um middle, in the middle, in half

meminī meminisse to remember, recollect

memor memoris remembering

memor, -oris (adj.) "mindful"

mereō merēre meruī meritum to earn, deserve

minor minārī minātus sum to threaten

miser misera miserum wretched, pitiable

misereor –ērī miseritus sum to pity

mittō mittere mīsī missus "I send'

moenia moenium n. pl. walls

moenia moenium n. pl. walls

moles, molis (f.) "a big mass", "a heap"

mōlior mōlīrī mōlītus to work at, devise

monitum –ī n. an admonition; counsel; advice

mōnstrum mōnstrī n. omen; monster

mōra mōrae f. delay

moribundus –a –um ready to die

morior morī mortuus sum to die

moror morārī morātus sum to delay

mortālis –e mortal

mūgītus –ūs m. lowing; bellowing

multum (adv.) "much", "a lot"

mūrus mūrī m. wall

mūrus mūrī m. wall

mūtō mūtāre mūtāvī mūtātus to change

nāscor nāscī nātus sum to be born, come into being

negō negāre negāvī negātus to deny, refuse

nihil or nīl or nihilo n. nothing

nōdus –ī m. knot

nōmen nōminis n. name

novus –a –um new

nox noctis f. night

numen, numinis (n.) "a god", "the will of a god"

numquam never

ob prep. c. acc. "on account of"

obnītor –nīxus (–nīsus) sum to press (+ dat.)

obstipescō (obstupescō) –ere –stipuī (stupuī) to become stupefied; to be astonished

oculus oculī m. eye

ōdī ōdisse to hate

omnīnō entirely

omnis omne every; all

operiō operīre operuī opertum to cover, hide

opus operis n. work; need

ōra, -ae (f.) "a shore" don't confuse with os

orbis, orbis (m.) "a circle"

os, oris (n.) "mouth", "face" don't confuse with ora

parvulus –a –um very small

patior patī passus sum to permit, endure

patria patriae f. country

patrius –a –um paternal

pavor pavōris m. fear, trembling

pectus, pectoris (n.) "the chest"

pelagus, -i (n.) "the sea"

Penātēs –ium m. local gods, city gods

penetrālis –e innermost

per (prep. c. acc.) through

pererrō pererrāre pererrāvī pererrātus to wander through or over

perfidus –a –um faithless, treacherous, false

pēs pedis m. foot

piget pigēre piguit pigitum est "it displeases [an acc. to inf.]"

pone (adv.) "aftrer", "behind"

pontus pontī m. the open sea

porta portae f. gate

potēns powerful

praetendō –ere –tendī –tentus to hold out before; stretch forth

premō premere pressī pressus to press

prex precis f. prayer

prīmus –a –um first

prior priōris former, previous, prior, first; (+ abl. of comparison) superior to

profugus, -i (m.) "a refugee"

prōmereor –meritus sum to merit for one's self by favors given; deserve

properō properāre properāvī properātus to hasten

pudor pudōris m. decency

puella puellae f. girl

puer puerī m. boy, slave

pulvis pulveris m. dust

puppis puppis f. stern of a ship

quaerō quaerere quaesiī/quaesīvī quaesītus "I ask", "I look for"

quālis quāle (adj.) what sort

quandō when

quantum how much

querēla querēlae f. complaint

quiēs quiētis f. sleep, rest

quondam formerly, at times, sometimes

quoniam since

quotiēns or quotiēs how many times; whenever "however so often", "whenever"

raptō raptāre raptāvī raptātus to seize violently; drag

recidīvus –a –um (adj.) "restored", "rebuilt"

redeō redīre rediī reditum to go back

referō referre rettulī relātus to bring back

rēgīna rēgīnae f. queen

rēgnum rēgnī n. royal power, kingdom

regō regere rēxī rēctus to rule

relinquō relinquere relīquī relictus to abandon

reliquiae –ārum f. pl. remains

respiciō respicere respexī respectum to look back

restō restāre restitī to resist

rēx rēgis m. king

rōbur rōboris n. oak, strength

rota rotae f. wheel

ruō ruere ruī rūtum to rush

sacer sacra sacrum holy

sacrātus –a –um holy

sacrum sacrī n. a holy thing, (religious) rite

saevus, -a, -um (adj.) "cruel"

sal, salis (m.) "salt"

saltem or saltim at least, at any rate

saltus saltūs m. jump

salum, -i (n.) "the sea"

sanguis sanguinis m. or sanguen –inis n. blood

saniēs –em –ē f. putrid

satis or sat (comp. satius) enough

saucius –a –um wounded; afflicted; drunk

saxum, -i (n.) "a rock"

scelerātus –a –um criminal

scelus sceleris n. crime

secūris secūris f. axe

sēdēs sēdis f. seat

sequor sequī secūtus sum to follow, come next

serēnus –a –um serene, calm

serpō –ere serpsī serptus to creep

sīdus sīderis n. star

simul at the same time

simulācrum simulācrī n. likeness; statue

somnus somnī m. sleep

sonitus, -us (m.) "a sound"

sors, sortis (f.) "a lot", most frequently sorte "by lot", "by chance"

spērō spērāre spērāvī spērātus to hope

spēs speī f. hope

spīritus spīritūs m. breath; spirit

sponte "voluntarily" sua sponte "of his own free will", mea sponte: "of my own will", etc. voluntarily

sponte (adv.) "willingly"

squāleō –ēre –uī to be rough

statuō statuere statuī statūtus to set up

stūppeus –a –um made of tow or flax

subeō subīre subīvī/subiī subitus to go under

subolēs –is f. shoot; twig

sum esse fuī futūrus to be

superi, -orum (m.) "the gods"

surgō surgere surrēxī surrēctus to rise

suscipiō suscipere suscēpī susceptus to take up

tacitus –a –um silent

taeda taedae f. torch

talis, -e (adj.) "of such a kind"

tamen nevertheless, however

tandem finally

tantus –a –um so much, so great

taurus taurī m. bull

tēctum –ī n. "a building"

tellus, telluris (f.) "the earth"

tempus temporis n. time

teneō tenēre tenuī tentus to hold

tergum, -i (n.) "a back"

terra, -ae (f.) "earth"

terreō terrēre terruī territus to terrify

testor –ārī –ātus sum to testify

trāiciō –icere –iēcī –iectum pierce, cross over

tum or tunc then, at that time

tumeō tumēre tumuī to swell, puff up

turbidus –a –um confused, fould

ulterior –ius; ultimus –a –um farther; farthest

ultrō furthermore, beyond; voluntarily

umbra umbrae f. shadow

ūmeō –ēre to be wet, moist

umquam ever

unda, undae (f.) "a wave" = fluctus

undōsus –a –um billowy, stormy

urbs urbis f. city

uterque utraque utrumque each of two

uterus –ī m. the womb

valeō valēre valuī valitus to be strong, be worth

vānus –a –um empty

varius –a –um varied

venēnum venēnī n. poison

veniō venīre vēnī ventum to come

ventus -i (m.) "a wind"

Vesta –ae f. Vesta

vincō vincere vīcī victus to conquer

vinculum vinculī n. bond

vir, viri (m.) "a man"

vis, vis (f.) irregular. "power"

vīta vītae f. life

vitta vittae f. ribbon

volumen, voluminis (n.) "a roll"

vōx vōcis f. voice

vulnus vulneris n. wound

vultus vultūs m. expression