Modifiers 2

Introduction to Modifiers

• Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that describe or modify other elements in a sentence.

Misplaced Modifiers vs. Dangling Modifiers

• Misplaced Modifiers: Word order problems where the modifier does not clearly indicate what it should modify, but can usually be fixed by rearranging words.

• Dangling Modifiers: More complex issues where the modifying word, phrase, or clause has nothing to modify, leading to confusion.

Understanding Dangling Modifiers

• Occurs when:

  • An introductory phrase fails to logically connect with the subject of the sentence.

  • Passive voice is misused, leaving the intended subject ambiguous.

Examples of Dangling Modifiers

• Example 1: "While surfing in Hawaii with his friends, a shark attacked him."

  • Issue: The introductory phrase "While surfing in Hawaii with his friends" does not logically connect with the subject, "a shark."

  • Correction: "While surfing in Hawaii with his friends, he was attacked by a shark."

• Example 2: "To improve your score, practice is needed."

  • Issue: The phrase "To improve your score" has no clear subject.

  • Correction: "To improve your score, you need practice."

• Example 3: "Unlike his roommate, biology one hundred fifty was difficult for Sam."

  • Issue: The phrase does not correctly link to a subject providing clarity.

  • Correction: "Unlike his roommate, Sam had difficulty with biology one hundred fifty."

Steps to Avoid Dangling Modifiers

1. Identify Modifiers: Look for adjectives, adverbs, phrases, or clauses in the sentence that describe something.

2. Ensure Connection: Verify that each modifier has a clear subject to modify.

3. Proximity Matters: Ensure that the modifier and the word it modifies are as close together in the sentence as possible.

Conclusion

• If steps 1 and 2 reveal issues, or if step 3 does not hold true, a problem with modifiers likely exists.

• For additional practice with dangling modifiers, follow the provided link at the end of the video.