Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that describe or modify other elements in a sentence.
Misplaced Modifiers: Word order problems where the modifier does not clearly indicate what it should modify, but can usually be fixed by rearranging words.
Dangling Modifiers: More complex issues where the modifying word, phrase, or clause has nothing to modify, leading to confusion.
Occurs when:
An introductory phrase fails to logically connect with the subject of the sentence.
Passive voice is misused, leaving the intended subject ambiguous.
Example 1: "While surfing in Hawaii with his friends, a shark attacked him."
Issue: The introductory phrase "While surfing in Hawaii with his friends" does not logically connect with the subject, "a shark."
Correction: "While surfing in Hawaii with his friends, he was attacked by a shark."
Example 2: "To improve your score, practice is needed."
Issue: The phrase "To improve your score" has no clear subject.
Correction: "To improve your score, you need practice."
Example 3: "Unlike his roommate, biology one hundred fifty was difficult for Sam."
Issue: The phrase does not correctly link to a subject providing clarity.
Correction: "Unlike his roommate, Sam had difficulty with biology one hundred fifty."
Identify Modifiers: Look for adjectives, adverbs, phrases, or clauses in the sentence that describe something.
Ensure Connection: Verify that each modifier has a clear subject to modify.
Proximity Matters: Ensure that the modifier and the word it modifies are as close together in the sentence as possible.
If steps 1 and 2 reveal issues, or if step 3 does not hold true, a problem with modifiers likely exists.
For additional practice with dangling modifiers, follow the provided link at the end of the video.