Urinary System ch 26

The urinary system is responsible for the removal of metabolic wastes produced by the body's cells. Kidneys play a critical role in filtering these wastes from circulation and producing urine. The system also plays a significant role in maintaining the body's homeostasis by regulating water and electrolyte balance. The balance of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium is crucial for nerve function, muscle contraction, and overall cellular activity. Furthermore, the urinary system helps maintain acid-base balance, which is vital for normal cellular metabolism and function.

Organs and Functions of the Urinary System

• Organs of the urinary system:
  • Kidneys: Paired organs that produce urine, filter blood, and regulate electrolytes and blood pressure. They also help maintain pH levels in the body.
  • Urinary Tract: Responsible for the elimination of urine, which includes:
  • Ureters: Paired tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
  • Urinary bladder: Muscular sac that stores urine until it is excreted. The bladder can expand to hold varying volumes of urine.
  • Urethra: Exit tube for urine that carries it out of the body. The length of the urethra varies between males and females, impacting the urinary tract infection risk.
• Urination (Micturition): The process that involves the contraction of the muscular urinary bladder, forcing urine through the urethra and out of the body. This process is controlled by both voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions