Art Lect.8

Aesthetic Education & Art Appreciation

• Focus on understanding the value and significance of aesthetics in education and the appreciation of arts.

Fine Arts and Applied Arts

• Fine Arts: Traditional art forms that prioritize beauty and expression.

• Applied Arts: Practical applications of artistic design in everyday life, using materials that also serve functional purposes.

Applied Arts

Materials Used

• Key materials in Applied Arts include:

  • Clay: Used in pottery.

  • Glass: Essential for various glassmaking techniques.

  • Cloth: Integrated into diverse textile applications.

  • Metal and Furniture: Highlighting functional design.

• Applied Arts are essential not just for art's sake, but also for integration into daily life.

Pottery

• Technique: Involves shaping clay on a wheel, a handmade process.

• Firing Process:

  • Initial shaping of clay.

  • First burning to harden, followed by application of color/glaze.

  • Second firing at higher temperatures for durability.

Glass Industry

Glass Production

• Material: Derived from silica (sand) and involves high-temperature heating.

• Production Methods:

  • Handmade: Traditional techniques used.

  • Mechanical: More modern, efficient methods.

• Varieties of Glass: Ranges from low to high quality, impacting pricing.

High-Quality Glass Types

• Best Types:

  • Murano Glass: Known for intricate designs and high quality.

  • Czech Glass: Recognized for craftsmanship.

  • Bohemian Glass: Famous for its historical significance and quality.

Examples of Glass Art

• Murano Glass Horse Artwork: Estimated price range of 1,200,00 € - 4,050,00 €.

• Czech Bohemian Glass Vase: A vintage collectible, showcasing craftsmanship.

Weaving

Overview

• Industry connected to daily life, creating items like carpets and curtains.

• Materials can wear out over time.

Types of Weaving

• There are two methods:

  • Hand-made: Traditionally crafted items.

  • Mechanical: Industrially produced textiles.

• Materials:

  • Organic: Wool, silk, cotton.

  • Synthetic: Polyester, acrylic.

Stained Glass

Definition

• Composed of sections of colored glass joined with lead strips.

• Design Process:

  • Initial drawing (Cartoon) considering designs and lead effects.

  • Glass cutting to match shapes using a diamond cutter.

  • Pigments can be fused into glass for vibrant colors.

Historical Significance

• Gothic Art Influence: Traditional stained glass known for its luminous quality.

• Variations:

  • Grisaille Glass: Monochromatic variation using yellow and white glass.

  • Painted Glass: Entirely painted instead of using colored fragments.

• Both variations lack the original luminous quality of true stained glass.

Mosaics

Definition and Process

• Composed of small pieces of materials (Tesserae) including glass, stone, and pottery.

• A decorative art form used by ancient Greeks and Romans.

• Earliest examples from the fifth century B.C. used pebbles and shells.

• Opaque glass textures became popular from Byzantium (Istanbul).

Crafting Techniques

• Requires high skill levels for art creation.

• Historically used expertly by Romans for pavements and Byzantines for wall decorations.