exam2 study guide

Study Guide Overview

Chapter 5: Dosage Forms and Drug Release

Major Categories of Dosage Forms:

1. Solid

   • Tablets

   • Capsules

   • Powders

2. Liquid

   • Solutions

   • Suspensions

   • Syrups

3. Semisolid

   • Creams

   • Ointments

   • Gels

   • Suppositories

Difference Between Tablets:

• Scored Tablet: Has a line allowing for dose adjustments.

• Unscored Tablet: No dividing line; should not be split.

Enteric-Coated Tablets:

• Coating prevents dissolution in stomach; dissolves in intestines to avoid irritation and protect from stomach acid.

Drug Release Abbreviations:

• XR (Extended Release)

• LA (Long Acting)

• CR (Controlled Release)

• SR (Sustained Release)

• DR (Delayed Release)

Pharmacokinetics Process:

1. Absorption: Drug enters the bloodstream.

2. Distribution: Drug travels to tissues/organs.

3. Metabolism: Drug is broken down (mainly in the liver).

4. Elimination: Drug is excreted (mainly via kidneys).

Route of Administration:

• Intravenous (IV): 100% bioavailability.

Excipients:

• Inactive substances aiding stability, absorption, taste, or appearance (e.g., binders, fillers).

Drug Classifications Examples:

• Analgesics: Pain relief.

• Antibiotics: Fight bacterial infections.

• Antihypertensives: Lower blood pressure.

• Anticoagulants: Prevent blood clots.

• Antidepressants: Treat depression.

Chapter 7: Reference Materials and Drug Information

Drug Monograph:

• Detailed information about a drug including:

  • Name and classification

  • Indications

  • Dosage forms and strengths

  • Contraindications and warnings

  • Side effects and adverse reactions

  • Storage and handling

Key Reference Books:

• Drug Facts and Comparisons: Comprehensive drug information.

• Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR): FDA-approved drug labels.

• Red Book: Pricing and product info.

• Orange Book: FDA-approved drugs with therapeutic equivalence.

Ident-A-Drug:

• Tool for identifying unknown medications by imprint, shape, color, or scoring.

Benefits of Online Resources:

• Up-to-date info on approvals, recalls, drug interaction checkers, and convenience.

Prescription Processing and Pharmacy Technician Role:

1. Enter prescriptions, count meds, label bottles.

2. Manage inventory, process claims, handle patient concerns.

3. Customer service under pharmacist supervision.