Untitled Flashcards Set

how does the kinetic molecular theory help you? (10.1)

understand the behavior of gas molecules and the physical properties of gases

Kinetic Molecular Theory (10.1)

based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion

ideal gas (10.1)

a hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

kinetic molecular theory assumptions (10.1)

1. Gas volume is negligible.

2. There is no intermolecular attractions/repulsion between gas molecules.

3. Continuous, random motion of gas that can collide with other gas particles and with the walls.

4. Elastic collisions (conversion of kinetic energy and momentum).

5. Average kinetic energy is proportional to temperature, and is the same for all gases.

elastic collision (10.1)

one in which there is no net loss of total kinetic energy

Gas Expansion (10.1)

Gases fill the entire volume of their container.

gas fluidity (10.1)

gas is able to flow past each other

gas low density (10.1)

gas molecules are farther apart than solids or liquids

gas compressibility (10.1)

very compressible

Gas Diffusion (10.1)

the gradual mixing of molecules of one gas with molecules of another by virtue of their kinetic properties

Diffusion (10.1)

spontaneous mixing of the particles of two substances caused by their random motion

effusion (10.1)

A process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening

rates of effusion are (10.1)

proportional to the velocities of their particles

real gas (10.1)

a gas that does not behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

liquid (10.2)

A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.

Why are liquids more dense than gases? (10.2)

intermolecular attractions reduce the amount of space between particles in a liquid

fluid (10.2)

Any substance that can flow

liquid diffusion (10.2)

Moderate, because particles can move past each other but bonds keep them from floating away

surface tension (10.2)

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

capillary action (10.2)

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid

Vaporization (10.2)

the change from a liquid to a gas

Evaporation (10.2)

The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas.

freezing (10.2)

The change of state from a liquid to a solid

liquid state according to kinetic molecular theory (10.2)

liquid particles are held close together by intermolecular forces, but are in constant motion because of their KE

properties of liquids (10.2)

1. Takes shape of container 2. Definite Volume 3. Does NOT expand

Compare vaporization and evaporation. (10.2)

Vaporization: below boiling point

Evaporation: at/above boiling point