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Mention the objective (purpose) of the investigation:

• The study's main objective is to compare and assess the pacing strategies of 10-kilometer

races and marathoners, examining differences by sex and age. The primary aim is to

comprehend the variations in pacing techniques and how they impact performance.

2. Mention the design and methodology:

• This study included a retrospective analysis of data from the Oslo Marathon and

10-kilometer race held between 2015 and 2018. The split timings of the 25,143 racers at

different race intervals were analyzed. The study used two-way ANOVAs to compare the

pace within and between these episodes, controlling for sex and age.

3. Mention the target population:

• The target population—which typically comprises recreational, non-elite runners with a

range of performance levels— consists of participants in the Oslo marathon and

10-kilometer races throughout the specified time frame.

- The target audience is the general population interested in the subject.

4. Synthesize a summary of the source (Please, try make this item more than a single

sentence):

Torres 2

• The study found that runners who run 10 km or a marathon generally employ positive

pacing strategies, which entail accelerating early in the race and slowing down as it

progresses. Women are less prone than males to slow down throughout marathons,

suggesting sex-specific pacing strategies that could aid in directing training and racing

tactics.

5. Mention the limitations (if any) (In most cases, not mentioning the Limitations would

suffice, but after careful analysis, as a researcher, you should be able to reach a conclusion of

what the Limitation of the source is. “The source revealed some limitations that may be

addressed through continued research.” Is a GENERIC sentence that YOU ARE

ALLOWED TO USE.):

• The study's recognized shortcomings include the need for more split times at the

half-marathon mark and the extrapolation of data from a single race in Oslo, which may not

be indicative of other events due to specific organizational and environmental variables.

6. Mention the results (FOUND IN CONCLUSION SECTION OR CONCLUDING

REMARKS). Usually, this is where the Main Idea/Research Question/Purpose of the

investigation is answered:

• One key finding is that marathoners slow down more than 10-kilometer runners, with

significant variations by age and sex. Younger or older runners showed more pronounced

pace fluctuations than their middle-aged counterparts.

7. Mention the recommendations (if any) (This can be a generic sentence to fix the

aforementioned Limitation. “Securing additional years of data and soliciting more study

resources are among the recommendations for future ongoing research and data analysis.” Is

a GENERIC sentence that YOU ARE ALLOWED TO USE.)

Torres 3

• The authors recommend that coaches and trainers consider these findings when developing

training strategies to help runners keep a more consistent pace. They specifically

recommend training regimens that aim for even or negative splits, which may improve

athletic performance and enjoyment