bonding unit

Front: What is an ionic compound?
Back: A compound formed by the transfer of valence electrons between a cation and an anion.

Front: What must be true about the total charge in an ionic compound?
Back: The total positive charge must be equal to the total negative charge in the compound.

Front: What types of ions can form ionic compounds?
Back: Monoatomic ions (from the periodic table) or polyatomic ions.

Front: What are the steps for drawing ionic dot diagrams?
Back:

1. Start with the Lewis Structure (valence electron dots) for 1 atom of each element.

2. Metals transfer electrons to nonmetals until both are stable.

3. Add more metal or nonmetal atoms if needed for complete transfer.

4. Draw the resulting ions (metals = no VE, nonmetals = 8 VE).

Front: What are the three possible ionic crystal shapes?
Back: Face Centered Cubic, Body Centered Cubic, Tetragonal.

Front: What determines an ionic compound's crystal shape? Face Centered Cubic?
Back: Same charge, same size (same row).

Front: What determines an ionic compound's crystal shape? Body Centered Cubic?
Back: Same charge, different sizes (different rows).

Front: What determines an ionic compound's crystal shape? Tetragonal?
Back: Different charges.

Front: What is a molecular compound?
Back: A compound formed by the sharing of valence electrons between two nonmetals.

Front: What determines molecular shape?
Back: VSEPR Theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion).

Front: What molecular shape has 2 areas of negativity?
Back: Linear

Front: What molecular shape has 3 bonds and 0 lone pairs?
Back: Trigonal Planar

Front: What molecular shape has 2 bonds and 1 lone pair?
Back: Bent 120°

Front: What molecular shape has 4 bonds and 0 lone pairs?
Back: Tetrahedral

Front: What molecular shape has 3 bonds and 1 lone pair?
Back: Trigonal Pyramidal

Front: What molecular shape has 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs?
Back: Bent 109.5°

Front: How do you determine bond type based on electronegativity? Ionic bond?
Back: ≥ 2.0

Front: How do you determine bond type based on electronegativity? Polar covalent bond?
Back: 0.5 - 1.9

Front: How do you determine bond type based on electronegativity? Nonpolar covalent bond?
Back: ≤ 0.4

Front: How do intermolecular forces affect states of matter? Nonpolar?
Back: Repel each other → usually gases at room temp.

Front: How do intermolecular forces affect states of matter? Ionic?
Back: 100% polar → usually solids at room temp.

Front: How do intermolecular forces affect states of matter? Polar molecular compounds?
Back: Usually liquids at room temp.

Front: What are the molecule polarity rules? All bonds nonpolar?
Back: Molecule is nonpolar.

Front: What are the molecule polarity rules? Polar bonds exist & molecule is symmetrical?
Back: Molecule is nonpolar.

Front: What are the molecule polarity rules? Polar bonds exist & molecule is NOT symmetrical?
Back: Molecule is polar.

Front: What molecular shapes are symmetrical?
Back: Tetrahedral, Trigonal Planar, Linear (with 2 bonds).

Front: How do you name molecular compounds?
Back:

1. Add a prefix to each element to indicate the number of atoms.

2. Change the second element’s ending to "-ide".

3. NEVER use "mono-" on the first element.

Front: How do you name ionic compounds with a transition metal?
Back:

1. Name the first element.

2. Determine the charge of the transition metal and write it as a Roman numeral.

3. Name the anion:

   • If single element → change ending to "-ide".

   • If polyatomic → use the polyatomic ion name.

Front: How do you name ionic compounds without a transition metal?
Back:

1. Name the cation (no changes).

2. Name the anion:

   • If single element → change ending to "-ide".

   • If polyatomic → use polyatomic name.

Front: How do you determine the type of compound before writing its formula? Molecular?
Back: Name has a prefix on the second element.

Front: How do you determine the type of compound before writing its formula? Ionic with transition metal?
Back: Name includes a Roman numeral.

Front: How do you determine the type of compound before writing its formula? Ionic (no transition metal)?
Back: No prefixes, no Roman numerals.

Front: How do you write formulas for molecular compounds?
Back: The prefix tells you the number of atoms for each element. No need to balance charges!

Front: How do you write formulas for ionic compounds?
Back:

1. Look up the charges of the cation and anion.

2. Adjust the ratio so that the total positive charge equals the total negative charge.