Roots and Affixes TOTAL FINAL REVIEW

⭐Roots and Affixes⭐

WEEK #1

Thursday October 17:

#1 : Cap/Ceit/Ceive/Cep/Cept/Cip

• To take, seize, or get.

• ETYMOLOGY (Origin): Latin - to “hold” or “take”

Sample Words

• Capture - to take possession or control of something.

• Deceive - to cause one to accept as true when it is false.

  • (De- separate) + (Cieve- get/take)

• Participate -take part in or join an action or endeavor.

• Except - Not including; other than.

  • (Ex - out) + (Cept - get/take) = take out

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#2 : Cine/Kine

• To “move”

Sample Words

• Kinetic - relating to or resulting from motion

• Kinesiology - the study of the mechanics of the body

• Cinematographer (one who takes MOVING pictures)- a person who oversees or directs photography. 

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Friday October 18:

#3 : Fac/Fact/Fect/Fic

• Make or do: produce

Sample Words

• Facsimile: an exact copy

• Efficacy: the power to produce a desired result or effect

• Manufacture: to make something in large amounts by machine

• Perfect: (per- -> through, completely) + (fect- -> make or do)

• Factory: (a place where things are MADE)

• Proficient: well advanced in any art, science, or subject. (pro - advance progress) + (fic- to do) + (ie’nt - end suffix that creates adjectives)

#4 : Hemo/Hema

• Meaning “blood”

Sample Words

• Hematology - the study of blood

• Hemophobia - an abnormal and persistent fear of blood

• Hemostasis - the arrest, or stoppage, of bleeding

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WEEK #2

Thursday October 24:

#5 : Jac/Ject/Jet

• Meaning ẗo cast or throw

Sample Words

• Adjacent - next to or adjoining something else

• Objection - an expression or feeling of disapproval or opposition; a reason for disagreeing. (Literal meaning: to throw your opinion against)

• Jettison - 1. to throw or drop something from an aircraft or ship.

      2. To abandon or discard an unwanted thing or person

• Inject - to throw or force a liquid into the body of a person or animal using a syringe. 

#6 : Jur/Jus

• Meaning law or right/true

Sample Words

• Jurisdiction - the official power to make legal decisions and judgments. (Literal meaning: “act of saying laws or rules”)

• Justice - just behavior or treatment (Literal meaning “the quality or state of laws/rules”)

• Juror - a member of a jury (Literal meaning “someone on a jury deciding the law”)

#7 : Gen

• Meaning “to be born” or “produce”

• Latin “kin”

Sample Words

• Generator - a machine that converts one form of energy into another, esp. mechanical energy.

• Indigenous  - native

• Genocide - the deliberate and systematic extermination of an entire race of people or cultural group of people.

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Friday October 25:

#8 : Luc/Lumin

• Meaning light

• Alternate forms include: Luc, Lum, Lun

Sample Words

• Lucid - describes a person who has “seen the light” or is speaking or  communicating clearly- in their right mind.

• Illuminate - make (something) visible or bright by shining light on it; light up OR to help clarify or explain.

• Luminosity - the intrinsic brightness of a celestial object. (Literal Meaning: state of light/brilliance)

• Elucidate - to explain something or make something clear (Literal: to “bring out the light”)

#9 : Mag/Magni

Sample Words

• Magnificent: impressively beautiful, elaborate, or extravagant; striking (Literal: something that is made in a great or large way.) 

• Magnitude: the great size or extent of something.

• Magnify - to make (something) appear larger than it actually is

• Magnanimous- generous or forgiving especially towards a rival or less powerful person.

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WEEK #3

Tuesday October 29:

#10: Mater/Matr

• Meaning “mother”

• Quality or state of being a mother

Sample Words

• Alma Mater - a school, college, or university at which one has studies and usually, from which one has graduated.

• Matrimony - the state of being married; marriage (LITERAL: the role of being a mother)

• Matriarch - a woman who is the head of a family or tribe

• Maternal - of, relating to, belonging to, or characteristic of a mother.

#11 : Mob/Mot/Mov

• Meaning “to move”

Sample Words

• Immobile - incapable of moving or being moved.

• Demote - to reduce to a lower grade, rank, class, or position.

• Remove - to move from a place or position, to take away or off.

#12: Nov

• Meaning “new”

Sample Words

• Renovation - the act of redoing or rebuilding.

• Innovation - the process of making changes in something with new ideas or methods.

• Nouveau - a person who is newly rich, one regarded as ostentatious (showy) or uncultivated (they are loud with their money)

Thursday October 31: 🪄 🕷

#13: Pater/Patr

• Meaning “father”

Sample Words

• Paternal - relating to the or like that of a father

• Patricide - the killing of one’s father or a person who kills their own father.

• Patron - a wealthy person who supports a cause or an artist.

#14: -Phi/-Philo/-Phila/-Phile

• Meaning “love” or “love of”

Sample Words

• Philosopher - lover of wisdom.

• Bibliophile - lover of books

• Philanthropy - a desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.

#15: -Pol/-Polis/-Polit

• Having to do something with the city

Sample Words

• Metropolis - a large city (LITERAL: “mother city”)

• Police - people who work for the government to maintain order in a CITYYY

• Politician - government representative of a particular city or state

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WEEK #4

Tuesday November 5: 

#16:  -Phobe/-Phobic

• Having a fear of something

Sample Words

• Arachnophobia - a fear of spiders

• Claustrophobic - a fear of a shut-in or confined place

• Xenophobe - a person who has dislike or prejudice against people from other countries.

#17: -Proto-

• Original, primitive, or “first”

Sample Words

• Prototype - the first, typical or preliminary model of something, especially machines.

• Protostar - a contracting mass of gas which represents the early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun. (Literal: birth of a star).

• Protolog - the original description of a species, genus, etc.

Thursday November 7: 

#18: -Sequ- / -Secu-

• Meaning “to follow”

Sample Words

• Consequence - a result of the effect of an action or condition.

• Sequel -  a published, broadcast, or recorded work that continues the story or develops the theme of an earlier work.

• Prosecute - to follow to the end; to bring legal action against for punishment of a crime or violation of law.

• Non Sequitur - This is a random phrase. In Latin, this means “it does not follow.”

#19:  -Spir/Spire

• Meaning “to breathe” or “breath”

Sample Words

• Aspire - To seek, aim, or desire someone or something of great personal value, (LITERAL: to breathe towards.)

• Inspire - fill with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially to do something creative, to influence, move or guide by divine or supernatural inspiration.

• Respire - to breathe to maintain life; to breathe freely after trouble or anxiety.

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WEEK #5

Tuesday November 12: 🍂

#20 : Super/Sur-

• (PREFIX) Meaning “above, over, more, or additional”

Sample Words

• Supernatural - something beyond the natural world

• Surmount - to overcome an obstacle OR to be placed on top of

• Superfluous - exceeding what is needed or necessary.

• Surfeit - an excessive amount of something.

#21 : Trans-

• (PREFIX) Meaning “across, beyond, crossing, and through”

Sample Words

• Translucent - permitting light to pass through but diffusing it so that objects on the opposite side are not clearly visible. 

• Transcend - to rise above or go beyond; exceed.

• Transform - to change in form, appearance, or structure.

• Translate - to turn from one language into another.

#22 : De-

• (PREFIX) Meaning “off” or “from”, Also meaning:

  • Away, down, reduce, opposite, or remove

Sample Words

• Depreciate - to decrease in value

• Depart - to leave or go away

• Derail - for a train to go off its track.

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Monday November 18: 🍂

#23 : Dia-

• Through, across

Sample Words

• Diagram - a simplified explanation of something through graphics (LITERAL: write through the explanation of something).

• Diagonal - joining two opposite corners of a straight sided shape, having slanted direction

• Diameter - (LITERAL: across/through the length)

• Diaspora - the dispersion of any people from their original homeland. (LITERALLY: to “scatter across”)

#24 : Mal

• (PREFIX) bad, badly, wrong, imperfect, incorrect

Sample Words

• Malfunction - to work badly or incorrectly.

• Malice - desire to inflict injury, harm, or suffering on another. (LITERAL: to do something with bad intention)

• Maladjusted - not able to deal with other people in a normal or healthy way

#25 : Voc/Vok/Voke

• To call upon

Sample Words

• Invoke - to call upon

• Voice - (LITERAL: that which can call)

• Vocation - a strong feeling of suitability for a particular career or occupation (LITERAL: a “calling” in life)

• Advocate - to publicly recommend or support (LITERAL: a “call” towards as a show of support)

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WEEK #6

Wednesday November 20: 🍂 🌧

#26 : Inter

• (PREFIX) among, or between(in the midst of)

Sample Words

• Internet - a global network providing a variety of information (networks that exist in between each other).

• Interject - say something abruptly, especially, as an aside or interruption.

• Intermittent - coming and going at intervals, not continuous. (Between a period of time)

#27 : Intra

• (PREFIX) inside or within

Sample Words

• Intravenous - existing or taking place within a vein or veins

• Intramural - existing or occurring within a particular group or organization.

Thursday November 21: 🍂 🌧

#28 : In/Im/Ir/Il

• Meaning “not, opposite of, or without”

Sample Words

• Intolerant - not accepting or tolerant of views, beliefs, or behavior that differ from one’s own.

• Impede - not able to more forward; to block passage

• Irrational - lacking usual or normal mental clarity or coherence.

• Illogical - lacking sense or clear, sound reasoning 

#29 : Semi

• Meaning “half” or “part, partly, partial” etc.

Sample Words

• Semiconscious - partially conscious. 

• Semifinal - the almost end of a series

• Semiautomatic - partially automatic

• Semisweet - only slightly sweetened

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WEEK #7

Tuesday December 3:  

#30 : tend/tens/tent

• To stretch and strain, to reach forward (NOT “ten” THAT IS TO “hold, grasp, or have”)

Sample Words

• Distend - to swell or cause to swell

• Tense - stretched tight or rigid, (especially of a muscle or someone’s body)

• Attentive - being very mindful and observant of the needs of others.

#31 : Ven/Veni/Vent

• To come, coming, or “arrival”

Sample Words

• Advent - “the coming”

• Event - an occurrence, especially of something of significance to which because come to.

• Souvenir - something to be kept as a remembrance of a place.

#32 : -ant, -ent

• Persons or things who perform an action OR adjectives that describe a state or quality.

Sample Words

• Assistant - a person who assists and gives aid

• Luminescent - Emitting light not caused by heat.

Confident, hesitant, brilliant, ignorant

#33 : -ive

• Changes nouns and verbs into adjectives. It adds the meaning of “tending to” or “doing” or “being”

Sample Words

• Informative - LITERAL: the state of being knowledgeable.

Thursday December 5:  🥶

#34 : Dec/Deci/Deca

• Meaning “ten” or “one-tenth”

Sample Words

• Decimate - to select every tenth man by lot and kill him OR to reduce drastically, especially by number.

• Decathlon - contest consisting of 10 events

• Decade - a period of ten years OR a group/set of 10

#35 : fore-

• Meaning “prior to; before”

Sample Words

• Foreboding - a feeling that something bad is going to happen.

• Forecast - to predict something, like the weather

• Forerunner - something that precedes something or someone else.

• Foreword - a short introductory essay before the main text of the book.

#36 : -ic (SUFFIX)

• Attached to nouns for form adjectives with the meaning “of or relating to”

Sample Words

• Metallic - relating to that of metallic characteristics

• Democratic - relating to or supporting democracy

• Attached to nouns for form adjectives with the meaning “having some characteristics of or in the style of”

Sample Words

Enthusiastic - shaving or showing intense and eager interest.

#37 : hetero-

• Meaning “different” or “opposite”

Sample Words

• Heterogamous - having flowers or florets of two different sexually different kinds.

• Heterochromatic - having, or pertaining to more than one color.

• Heterodox - not agreeing with established doctrines(belief systems)

• Heteroplasia - the replacement of normal cells by abnormal cells, as in cancer.

#38 : Hom/Homo

• Meaning “one and the same” or “alike”

Sample Words

• Homogeneous - consisting of parts of all the same kind.

• Homonym - words that are pronounced or spelled the same but have different meanings.

• Homobaric - of uniform weight

#39 : -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion  (SUFFIX)

• Meaning “act of”, “state of” or “result of”

• Can change a verb into a noun

Sample Words

• Experimentation - the action or process of experimenting

• Abrasion - the action of scraping something off

• Discontinuation - the act of putting an end to something

• Division - the action of separating something

# 40 : -ive/-ative/-itive (ADJECTIVE SUFFIX) 

• Meaning “causing” or “making” 

• Changes nouns and verbs into adjectives

Sample Words

• Destructive - something that causes destruction

• Decorative - to make something look more appealing/attractive.

Definitive - not able to be argued about or changed; complete, accurate

#41 : ous/cious/eous/ious/tious

• Meaning “having or possessing the quality of” or “full of”

Sample Words

• Malicious - having or showing a desire to cause harm to another person

• Ambitious - having a desire to be successful, powerful, or famous

• Courteous - very polite in a way that shows respect.