Untitled Flashcards Set

Artificial selection = breeding of animals and plants, 
natural selection = species change over time

1. Stabilizing selection = favors an average value (center bump)
2. directional selection = favors one extreme or the other (left/right bump)
3. Disruptive selection = favors both extremes (beginning of speciation)

Morphology = physical form
Homologous features = indicate common ancestry = shared DNA sequences = beneficial features --> mimicry or camouflage 
Analogous features = evolved separately without a close common ancestor
Vestigial features = nonfunctional leftover features
fitness = surviving to produce fertile offspring
Reproductive isolation = members of the same species become unable to reproduce

1. Allopatric speciation = physical geographic barrier between members of the same species
2. Sympatric isolation = species in the same area unable to reproduce

Evolution = change in allele frequency

1. Genetic drift = a random event that changes the alleles remaining in a population
2. Bottleneck event = brief reduction in population size that results in inbreeding
3. Founder effect = a group leaves one population to form a new population in a different location
4. Adaptive radiation = variations of the same species into separate niches to reduce competition

Hardy-Weinburd Equilibrium (non-evolving populations)

1. Large Population
2. Random mating
3. No mutations
4. No migration
5. No natural selection (no advantages)

Formula:
p^2+2pq+q^2=1-->q^2=tt=homozygous recessive