mus 122 indonesia

instruments

• rebab

  • 2 stringed fiddle from middle east

  

• gambang

  • xylophone

  

• suling

  • notched vertical flute

  

• kendang

  • drums

terms

• gamelan

  • an ensemble of instruments such as those found in central Javanese courts

• laras

  • Javanese tuning system

  • 2 types

    • slendro - pentatonic

    • pelog - heptatonic

• colotomic structure

  • the marking of fixed beats within the metric structure of a musical piece by particular instruments; in gamelan music, these include gong, kenong, kempul, and ketuk; how beats are organized

• gongan

  • musical phrase punctuated by the largest of the gamelan’s gongs

• bubaran

  • gamelan pieces based on a 16 beat colotomy, subdivided in a specific manner

  • hear gong every 16 beats

  • ex music/ bubaran: udan mas

• wayang kulit

  • shadow play/indonesian shadow puppet theater

  • puppets made of thin leather so you can see the color of the leather as light shines through it

  • story and music accompanied by gamelan

  • performed over the course of the whole night

  • medium for ethical and moral instruction and for discussion of contemporary events, as well as government social programs

• karawitan

  • musical repertory and practice

• dalang

  • puppeteer who commands through knowledge of karawitan

  • knows archaic languages, contemporary social dialects, and can do skilled voices

• gamelan gambuh

  • archaic type of Balinese court opera and its accompanying orchestra

    • smaller than the Javanese gamelan

• gamelan gong gede

  • older Balinese court music, used for court and temple rituals, similar in sound and style to the Javanese Gamelan

    • Trompong: important lead instrument

• gamelan semar pegunligan

  • Large, Balinese court orchestra that plays instrumental versions of gamelan gambuh melodies

• gender

  • metallophone instrument with thin keys over cords

  

• gender wayang

  • 4 piece ensemble of genders that typically accompanies the Balinese shadow play

• gamalan gong kebyar

  • modern music

  • most vibrant of new styles

  • result of reshaping of the gamelan gong gede

  • modern type of Balinese music and the dance it accompanies

  • more abrupt in style with dynamic contrasts and jerky syncopations

• kotekan

  • style of playing fast interlocking parts in most varieties of Balinese Gamelan music, including Gamelan gong kenyar, angklung, etc

• trompong

  • 10 horizontal gongs

  

• gamelan angklung

  • almost went extinct; was revived because it was performed in front of German tourists who liked it; the ensemble was revived

  

• kecak

  • gets name from staccato monosyllables shouted by large chorus of men in rhythmic patterns

  • gamellan acapella to imitate sound of small gamellan while dancers act out the story

  • a few other men use their voices to imitate the sound of a small gamelan while dancers act out the story

  • no tourist feels unsatisfied

• barong

  • a trance dance ritual adopted for performances for tourists (changed so many times, we don’t know what it was originally, changed for tourists)

  • Dramatic presentation accompanied by gamelan gong or keybar, represents struggle between good (lion) and evil

  • During performances, participants may fall in a trance; the spirits that reside in the masks may possess the weather

• gambus

  • kind of popular music in Java

  • genre named for an Arabic instrument (plucked lute) signifying connection with homeland of Islam

  • now played by the oud

  • music ex/ gambus: cari hiburan

• dangdut

  • kind of popular music in Java

  • mix of western rock and indian film song

    • lyrics deal with leading a better, more productive, and upright Islamic life although secular love lyrics are increasingly popular

  • music ex/ dangdut: quran dan koran

    • repetitive like western music, influence of Indian filmigit

• kroncong

  • kind of popular music in Java

  • long history - euro colonialism

  • named for association with urban violence and glamorous tough guys called buaya krongcong (like malay pirates)

  • mixed communities retaining many Portuguese cultural aspects (Christianity and folk music)

  • created music that came to be known as kroncong

• jaipongan

  • kind of popular music in Java

  • derived from type of native professional folk entertainment of Sunda (west java) and does not betray foreign creations or influences

  • also named for syllables representing drum sounds

  • flashy drumming

  • social dance music

  • becoming a national stage dance

be able to explain

• power of instruments and instrument makers

  • blacksmiths - powerful with technical and spiritual expertise

    • In Java, the smith in charge of forging a new gamelan/instrument used to prepare himself by fasting and other acts of purification so that he could become fit for possession by the spirit Panji (a culture hero who figures in many traditional Javanese stories)

      • If the forging was successful, the instruments too would become the abode of a spirit

  • proper to remove shoes when entering gamelan and never step over instrument because spirits live in them

  • gamelan spirits paid homage with offerings of food, flowers, and incense

• difference between court music of bali and java

  • Balinese gamelan is faster and more dynamic (vigorous, strong percussion), while Javanese gamelan is slower and gentle (calm, serene)