Untitled Flashcards Set

Basic Computer Concepts and Terminology

1. Introduction to Computers and Information Technology

• A computer is an electronic device that processes input data and produces output information.

• Information Technology (IT) involves using computers to store, retrieve, and transmit data.

• Communication Technology includes telecommunication tools like radios and telephones that facilitate data access.

• Information and Communication Technology (ICT) covers all electronic technologies used in processing and communicating data, including the internet and mobile systems.

2. Components of a Computer System

• Hardware: The physical components of a computer (e.g., monitor, keyboard, mouse, processor).

• Software: Programs that instruct the computer on how to operate.

• Main Functions of a Computer:

  • Input: Entering data

  • Processing: Manipulating data

  • Storage: Saving data or information

  • Output: Producing information

• Data vs. Information:

  • Data: Raw facts

  • Information: Processed data that holds meaning

3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers

Advantages:

• Speed: Processes large amounts of data quickly.

• Reliability: Electronic components reduce errors.

• Consistency: Produces accurate results when given correct input.

• Storage Capacity: Stores vast amounts of data.

• Communication: Facilitates connectivity among users.

Disadvantages:

• Privacy Violations: Risk of data breaches.

• Public Safety Concerns: Cyber threats and misuse.

• Unemployment: Automation replacing human jobs.

• Health Risks: Issues like eye strain and carpal tunnel syndrome due to prolonged use.

4. Factors to Consider When Purchasing a Computer

• Cost

• Physical Architecture

• Storage Capacity

• Processing Speed

• Quality of Input and Output Devices

Keyboarding and Typing Skills

• A keyboard is a peripheral device used for data entry.

• Main Sections of a Keyboard:

  • Function Keys

  • Alphanumeric Keypad

  • Arrow Keys (Cursor Control)

  • Numeric Keypad

• Home Keys:

  • Left Hand: A, S, D, F

  • Right Hand: J, K, L

• Importance of Proper Typing Techniques:

  • Reduces fatigue

  • Prevents carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis

Introduction to Windows and Microsoft Word

Understanding Computer Hardware and Software

• Key Components:

  • Computer Case

  • Monitor

  • Keyboard

  • Mouse

• Desktop Environment:

  • The initial workspace after logging in, containing icons, menus, and dialog boxes.

Microsoft Word Overview

• A word processing tool for creating and editing documents.

• Basic Functions:

  • Entering, formatting, saving, retrieving, and printing documents.

• Accessing Microsoft Word:

  • Click the Start button or press the Windows key.

Key Microsoft Word Features:

• Title Bar: Displays document and program name.

• Quick Access Toolbar: Contains frequently used commands (Save, Undo, Repeat).

• Ribbon Interface: Introduced in Microsoft Office 2007, customizable for various tasks.

• File Tab: Manages file operations (New, Open, Save, Print).

• Home Tab: Provides text formatting options.

• Insert Tab: Adds elements like tables and images.

• Layout Tab: Adjusts page and document formatting.

Microsoft Word Formatting Guide

Changing Line Spacing

1. Select text.

2. Go to Home Tab > Click Line and Paragraph Spacing.

3. Choose spacing:

   • Single Spacing: Compact format.

   • 1.5 Spacing: Balances readability and compactness.

   • Double Spacing: Ideal for academic documents.

Changing Text Alignment

1. Select text.

2. Go to Home Tab > Choose an alignment option:

   • Left: Default alignment.

   • Center: Common for titles.

   • Right: Used for aligning dates.

   • Justified: Aligns text evenly on both margins.

Document Formatting Guide

• Margins: Set to 1 inch (2.54 cm).

• Orientation: Portrait.

• Paper Size: Letter.

• Paragraph Spacing: 0pt before and after, single-line spacing.

• Headers & Footers: Include user’s name and document title.

• Font: Times New Roman or Calibri, size 12.

Types of Computers

1. Supercomputers

• Fastest and most expensive (costing over millions).

• Used for scientific research and military applications.

• Require special cooling and backup power.

2. Mainframe Computers

• Handle multiple tasks for many users.

• Used by large organizations (banks, airlines).

• Require trained personnel and climate-controlled rooms.

3. Personal Computers (PCs)

• Affordable and versatile for office work, CAD, and internet use.

• Stationary and not designed for mobility.

4. Laptops

• Portable with built-in keyboard and touchpad.

• Offers similar power as PCs but requires charging.

5. Netbooks

• Small, lightweight, and energy-efficient.

• Designed for basic tasks with longer battery life.

6. Tablet Computers

• Touchscreen devices for applications and internet access.

• Utilize flash memory for storage.

7. Smartphones

• Evolved mobile devices with GPS, sensors, and apps.

Important Input Devices

• Keyboard: For text input.

• Mouse: Controls cursor movements.

• Joystick: Used for gaming and CAD.

• Light Pen: Selects/draws on screens.

• Touchpad: Cursor movement on laptops.

• Scanner: Converts images to digital format.

• Touch Screen: Responds to finger taps.

• Microphone: Captures sound input.

• Biometric Systems: Uses fingerprints or retina scans for security.

• Webcam: Captures live video.

Storage and Memory: SSD vs. HDD & DRAM

• Solid-State Drive (SSD):

  • Uses flash memory, faster and more durable than HDDs.

  • Common in modern laptops and desktops.

• Hard Disk Drive (HDD):

  • Uses spinning disks, cheaper with larger capacities.

  • Still used for extensive data storage.

• Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM):

  • Volatile memory storing active files for quick access.

  • Enhances processor efficiency.