PSY1011: Eyes

• What is sensation?

  • The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimuli from the environment

• What is perception?

  • Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

  • Enables recognition of meaningful object and events

    • Zebra on zebra print

Perception of a sensory experience can change even though the input remains the same

Common Vision Impairments

Myopia- nearsighted, eyeball is too long

Etc

Retina-contains rods and cones

how does information get from eye to back of brain

Rods/cones-  

• Rods and Cones:

  • Rods: grey scale, helps with shapes and motion, located in more the periphery of retina

• Cones: Color, Visual acuity, Located in the fovea

  Theories of color vision: 

  Trichromatic Theory 

  • Three types of cones: Red, Blue, Green

    • All combine to see the rainbow

  
  

  Color blindness- you have a deficiency in the cones

  
  

  Opponent Process Theory

  
  

  Cone photoreceptors are linked together to form three opposing color pairs

  • Antagonistic Relationship

    • Activation of one member of the pair inhibits activity in the other

    • If we overstimulate neural processes that correspond to one color they become fatigue = after image

  • Sensation

    • The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and submit stimuli from our environment

  • Perception

    • The process of organizing and interpreting-

  
  

  Stimuli is the same you just receive it differently based on the topic

  Ex: The Dress, Yanny vs Laural 

  
  

  • The image that comes into your retina is flipped upside down and reversed

  
  

  Q: If you flipped your vision upside down could you adapt

  A: Yes

  
  

  *Sensory and Perceptual adaptation- occurs when a stimulus remains constant over tie and eventually seems to disappear 

  
  

  Experiences

  Your experiences change what you see…priming

  
  

  Perceptual Constancy 

  • Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change

    • Types 

      • Shapes

      • Size 

      • Color

      • Brightness  

        The brian makes best guest based on cues

      
      

      Size Constancy 

      • Depth Cues

      • Changes with enviroment

      
      

      Color and Brightness Constancy

      Opposite of blue is yellow- Color fatigue 

      
      
      

      Take home points:

      • Brain likes short cuts 

        • Fail is illisuns 

        • Right