Week 8 Flash Cards

Here are the flashcards for your new set of notes:

Paraguay

Q: Which countries border Paraguay?
A: Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina.

Q: What is notable about Paraguay’s population?
A: It has a large population of Indigenous people of mixed Native and European ancestry (mestizo).

Agustín Barrios Mangoré (1885–1944)

Q: Where was Agustín Barrios Mangoré from?
A: Paraguay.

Q: What was Agustín Barrios known for?
A: He was one of the greatest classical guitarists of the modern era, both a performer and a composer.

Q: What inspired Barrios’ compositions?
A: The folklore of his homeland.

Q: What was Barrios' early background?
A: He grew up humble but studied in a conservatory.

Q: What was Barrios' historical achievement in recording?
A: He was the first classical guitarist to make a gramophone recording.

Q: How did Barrios try to gain a bigger audience?
A: He adopted the persona of "Chief Mangoré," wearing theatrical Indigenous garb for his concerts.

La Catedral

Q: Who was Barrios’ favorite composer?
A: J.S. Bach.

Q: What inspired La Catedral?
A: Hearing Bach’s organ music at the main cathedral in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Q: What is a toccata?
A: A virtuosic free-form piece for keyboard popular in the Baroque period.

Q: How is La Catedral structured?
A: It starts with a melodic introduction, followed by a section in the style of a Bach chorale.

Q: When was Barrios' music rediscovered?
A: In the 1970s.

Q: How does La Catedral begin?
A: It starts with chords, followed by a toccata.

Uruguay

Q: Which two countries border Uruguay?
A: Argentina and Brazil.

Q: What cultural tradition is shared between Uruguay and Argentina?
A: Gaucho culture.

Q: What is the capital of Uruguay?
A: Montevideo.

Q: What urban region does Montevideo form with Buenos Aires?
A: A megalopolis.

Q: What famous dance has deep roots in Uruguay?
A: The tango.

Q: Who composed the famous tango La Cumparsita?
A: Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, an Uruguayan composer.

Q: What African influence exists in Uruguay’s music?
A: Afro-Uruguayan rhythms and instruments, like the tamboriles (drums).

Luis Cluzeau Mortet (1888–1957)

Q: Who was Luis Cluzeau Mortet?
A: A leading 20th-century Uruguayan composer.

Q: What instruments did Cluzeau Mortet play?
A: He was a violinist and pianist.

Q: What other musical roles did Cluzeau Mortet have?
A: He was a choir director and composer.

Q: What kinds of music did he compose?
A: Works for piano, voice, and orchestra.

Q: What kind of piece will we listen to from Cluzeau Mortet?
A: A virtuosic showpiece for piano.

Tamboriles

Q: When does Uruguay's carnival season take place?
A: From February to early March, leading to Ash Wednesday and Lent.

Q: Which cities are known for riotous carnival celebrations?
A: New Orleans, Rio de Janeiro, and Montevideo.

Q: What are tamboriles?
A: Afro-Uruguayan drums.

Q: Who used to play tamboriles?
A: Originally, only Afro-Uruguayan drummers, but now anyone can join.

Q: What piece did Cluzeau Mortet compose inspired by tamboriles?
A: A piano piece mimicking the sound of tamboriles.

Q: How does Cluzeau Mortet’s piece convey the carnival atmosphere?
A: It includes loud, dissonant outbursts that suggest noisy crowds.

Peru

Q: What are two major geographic features of Peru?
A: Immense mountains and a long Pacific coastline.

Q: What is significant about Peru in opera history?
A: It was the first place where an opera was premiered in the New World.

Daniel Alomía Robles (1871–1942)

Q: Who was Daniel Alomía Robles?
A: A Peruvian naturalist, ethnographer, and composer.

Q: What did Robles study?
A: Native musical traditions.

Q: What was unique about Robles' compositions?
A: They exhibited a distinctly Peruvian character.

"El Cóndor Pasa"

Q: What type of work was El Cóndor Pasa originally composed for?
A: A 1913 zarzuela (operetta).

Q: How does El Cóndor Pasa reflect Peruvian folk music?
A: It resembles the folk songs Robles studied.

Q: Why is El Cóndor Pasa significant worldwide?
A: It is the most popular and famous Andean melody in the world.

Q: What political message does El Cóndor Pasa contain?
A: It protests the exploitation of miners.

Q: What happens in the story of El Cóndor Pasa?
A: The workers kill their boss, symbolizing their newly won freedom, as a condor circles overhead.

Q: What is a kena?
A: A traditional Andean panpipe used by the Incas and still popular today.

This set contains 38 flashcards. Let me know if you'd like any modifications or additional details!